成语典故歇后语的英译策略2

成语的英译翻译练习碰钉子,皮包公司,跑龙套,裙带关系,人情债,三角恋爱,三下乡,试用期,内环路参考译文Getsnubbed;boguscompany;generalhandyman;networkingthroughpetticoatinfluence;debtofgratitude;lovetriangle;aprogramunderwhichofficials,doctors,scientistandcollegestudentsgotothecountrysidetospreadscientificandliteracyknowledgeandoffermedicalservicetofarmers;probationaryperiod;innerringroad甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。乙：你这个人真是有意思，怎么也来这套？甲：唉，只是意思意思。乙：啊，真是不好意思。参考译文A：Thisisalittlegiftasatokenofmyappriciation.PleasedotakeitB:Oharen’tyouabittoopolite?Youshouldnotdothat.A:Itjustconveymygratitude.B:hankyouthen,thoughIreallydonotdeserveit.Givealickandapromise成语翻译和成语故事敷衍搪塞Givesomeonetherunaround你根本没有洗手，只不过敷衍了事。Youdidn’twashyourhands;youjustgavethemalickandapromise.Burythehatchet成语翻译和成语故事休战和好他们敌对多年，但一场搏斗后却和解了。Theyhadbeenenemiesforages,butafterafighttheyburiedthehatchet.Backstairsinfluence暗中势力，幕后人物；秘密影响成语翻译和成语故事他秘密会见了议员，暗中对议员施加了影响。Hemetthecongressmeninsecrettoexertbackstairsinfluence.一、汉语成语英译成语是我们日常生活中非常重要的语言要素。汉语成语结构稳定，绝大部分以四字格形式出现，在翻译中是不可忽视的问题。哪些汉语成语可以根据其字面意义翻译？哪些只能翻译比喻意义？这完全取决于成语的字面形式和比喻形象能否为译文读者理解和接受。例如“胸有成竹”：Haveabambooinone’sstomachTohaveawell-thought-outplanbeforedoingsth.Tohaveacardupone’ssleeve1可以直译的成语中国文学和政论作品中大量使用了一些非常形象的比喻成语。其比喻的本体和喻体有着很强的关联性。其中一些与英语的说法没有很大的文化差异和障碍。这类成语可以字面直译。引狼入室直译：tobringthewolvesintothehouse/fold(羊圈)意译：toinvitedisasters“……是些什么人呢？干这引狼入室的勾当！”“…Whoevertheyare,theyarelettingthewolfintothefold!”调虎离山直译：tolurethetigeroutofthehills意译：toluretheenemyfromhisbase“……我中了他的调虎离山计啦！”“…I’vefallenforhisluring-the-tiger-out-of–the-hillsscheme!”如坐针毡直译：tofeelasifsittingonacushionfilledwithneedles意译：tofeelterriblyuneasy套译：onpinsandneedles且说林冲在柴大官人东庄上，听得这话，如坐针毡。LinChong,however,wasintheeastvillageoftheLordChaiandwhenheheardallthetalkofhim,itwasasthoughhesatonacushionfilledwithneedles.守株待兔直译：towatchthestumpandwaitforahare意译：towaitforgainswithoutpains(waitforwindfalls)这样他采取守株待兔的态度，还是当他的乡董。Accordingly,havingadoptedthisattitudeof“watchingthestumpandwaitingforahare”,hecontinuedwithhiscouncillorship.翻译磨刀石（直译）声东击西刻骨铭心狗仗人势口蜜腹剑Shoutintheeastandstrikeinthewest(lookonewayandrowanother/sellthedummy)Beengravedinone’sheartandbones(remembertotheendofone’slife)Belikeadogcountingonitsmaster’sbacking(beabullyundertheprotectionofapowerfulperson)Tobehoney-mouthedanddagger-hearted(aJudaskiss)翻译磨刀石（意译）虚怀若谷如虎添翼噤若寒蝉指腹为婚Tobemodestandextremelyopen-mindedWithmightredoubled(withaddedstrength)KeepsilentoutoffearThetwohavebeenengagedtoeachotherbeforetheywereborn.(prenatalbetrothal)2可以套译的成语涸泽而渔套译：tokillthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs直译：todrainthepondtocatchallthefish只为工业积累，农业本身积累得太少或者没有积累，涸泽而渔，对于工业发展反而不利。Ifagricultureaccumulatedonlyforindustryandverylittleornoneforitself,thatwouldmean“drainingthepondtogetallthefish”andwouldonlyharmthedevelopmentofindustry.打草惊蛇套译：towakeasleepingdog意译：actrashlyandalerttheenemy不要动声色，不要打草惊蛇，我们不妨看看他们如何活动。Don’tsayanythingaboutit;wemustn’twakeasleepingdog,whynotkeepaneyeonwhattheyengagein?家徒四壁直译：havenothingbutfourbarewallsinone’shouse套译：aspoorasJob意译：beutterlydestitute她四面望望空洞的屋子，茫然地笑笑：“真是家徒四壁啊！”（杨沫《青春之歌》）Lookingaroundtheemptyroom,shetoldherselfwithawrysmile,“nothingbutfourbarewalls.”其他例子：挥金如土TothrowmoneyaboutlikedirtTospendmoneylikewater掌上明珠ApearlinthepalmTheappleofone’seyeThebeloveddaughter骨瘦如柴Tobeasthinassticks/alathTobeabagofbonesTobeskinandbones雪中送炭TosendcharcoalinsnowyweatherTohelpalamedogoverastile(台阶)Providetimelyhelp翻译磨刀石（套译）顺水行舟非驴非马日暮途穷本末倒置SailwiththewindNeitherfish,fleshnorfowlAttheendofone’sropePutthecartbeforethehorse3、不能直译的成语我们强调直译是成语英译的第一选择，但并非所有成语都可按照字面翻译，如“眉飞色舞”译成“eyebrowsareflyingandcountenanceisdancing”，势必贻笑大方，应该根据实际意义翻译成tobeamwithjoy(enraptured).Moreexamples…粗枝大叶无孔不入扬眉吐气纸醉金迷开门见山单枪匹马风雨飘摇Tobecrudeandcareless(sloppy)tobeall-pervasive/seizeanyopportunityTofeelproudandelated/holdone’sheadhighAlifeofluxuryanddissipationTocomestraighttothepointTobesingle-handedindoingsomethingTobeinunstable/turbulenttimes部分成语带着特定的中国文化背景，字面上含有中国古代的人名、地名，有的出于寓言或历史的典故。这些成语，如加解释，就失去了成语精粹的特点，所以一般绕开文化背景，译出其真正的内涵意义。历史故事类成语：完璧归赵；程门立雪；三顾茅庐；纸上谈兵；南柯一梦；洛阳纸贵寓言故事类：拔苗助长；狐假虎威；亡羊补牢；坐井观天；叶公好龙；精卫填海这类成语一般用意译或者套译毛遂自荐叶公好龙南柯一梦四面楚歌锱铢必较罄竹难书初出茅庐倾国倾城悬梁刺股Tovolunteerone’sservicesProfessedloveofwhatonereallyfearsAfonddreamorillusoryjoyTobebesiegedonallsidesTohaggleovereverypenny(ofcrimes)toonumeroustoberecordedAtthebeginningofone’scareer(inexperienced)Tobeexceedinglybeautiful(gorgeous)Tobeextremelyhard-workinginone’sstudy意译套译小题大做赴汤蹈火洗心革面横行霸道过河拆桥乳臭未干格格不入魂不附体MakeamountainoutofamolehillGothroughfireandwaterTurnoveranewleafThrowone’sweightaboutKickdowntheladderBewetbehindtheearsBelikesquarepegsinroundholesJumpoutofone’sskin(tobescaredoutofone’swits)翻译磨刀石（历史故事和寓言英译）画龙点睛三顾茅庐掩耳盗铃杀鸡儆猴AddthetouchthatbringsaworkofarttolifeRepeatedlyrequestsomebodytotakeuparesponsiblepostPlugone’searswhilestealingabell(todeceiveoneself)Killthechickentofrightenthemonkey(punishsomeoneasawarningtoothers)二、翻译中英语成语的应用针对不同文体的原文，要在英文译文中使用不同语域的英语成语。政治、科技文体中的成语一切种类的文学艺术的源泉究竟是从何而来的呢？Inthelastanalysis,whatisthesourceo