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NVH(noisevibrationharshness)噪声和振动控制工程VehicleNVHAwarenessD.Griffiths1SummaryFlowChart流程总图VehicleNVHAwareness2.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVHBackground背景•Issues结果•Targets指标参数•Trends趋向Categorization目录•Customerconcerns用户关注的问题•Phenomena现象•Op.cond工作状态•Sources来源•Alignment列表Targetsetting物体位置•Process方法•Parametric参数模型•NPAmodel-mech.noise噪声路径分析模型-机械噪声•NPAmodel-airbornenoise噪声路径分析模型-空气噪声Bodysensitivity&Modes车身灵敏度和样式Soundpackagecapability消音性能MechanicallyTrans.Force机械传动产生的力•Resonance共振•Force&vibrationinputs施加的力和振动•Frequencyalignment频率表•Historicproblem老问题AirborneNoiseSources空气传播的噪声来源•Powerplant做功设备•Induction进气•Exhaust排气2Background背景Issues问题-Sound-Loudness/speechinterference-声音-响度/语音干涉-Soundqualityonasneededbasisduringdevelopment在改善音质的过程中依据的原理-Vibration-velocityoracceleration振动-速度或者加速度Trends:competitionissteadilyimproving趋向：竞争越来越激烈VehicleNVHAwareness32.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVHCustomerConcerns顾客关心的问题General•-P/TNVHisdefinedastheNVHthecustomerascribestopowertrainsources,usuallybecauseofOperatingcondition(e.g..idleorwot)P/T振动和噪声的协调性被如此定义的原因，用户认为是由于噪声和振动是动力装置所产生，而噪声与振动通常是与运行工况密切相关的（例如…空转）•EngineeringDefinition工程上的解释VehiclepowertrainNVHisanyvehiclenoiseorvibrationduetopowertrainexcitationincludinginduction,exhaustandtailpipesources车辆动力装置的噪声和振动问题是由于动力装置的激励产生的包括进排气和排气管的激励。VehicleNVHAwareness42.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-CategorizationP/TNVHPhenomenaP/T噪声和振动表现出的一些现象VehicleNVHAwarenessBoom轰隆声Lowfrequencysound20-80Hz低频声音20-80HzClunk沉闷声Transient,lowfrequency,broadband瞬时的，低频，宽带Drone嗡嗡声Largeamplitudesingletone,100-200hz大振幅，单音调，100-200HzGrowl咆哮声Broadband,100-1000hz,noticeabletimevariation宽频带，100-1000hz，明显的随时间变化Moan呼啸声Lowamplitudetone,80-200hz小振幅，80-200HzPTperiodsSoundpeaksduetoresonance由于共振，声音达到峰值Rattle咔嗒声Randomimpactnoise杂乱的冲击噪声Rumble隆隆声Lowtomid-frequencybroadbandnoise,100-500hzwithtimevariation低中频的宽频噪声100-500Hz，随时间而变化Tick&Hash滴答声Miscellaneoustimevaryingnoise杂乱的，随时间变化的噪声Whine呜呜声Midtohighfrequencysound,200-2000hz,toneanharmonics中高频声音，200-2000hz，和声52.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-CategorizationShake,Roughness,Boom,Moan振动，工作粗暴，轰隆，呼啸声Whyworryaboutlowfrequencyproblems-Shake,roughnessandboomproblemsarehardtofixlateinaproblem—theymustbedealwithearly振动，工作粗暴，噪声很大的问题很难放到程序里头—他们应该被提前处理掉-Severproblemsmayleadtobuy-backs严重的问题可能导致招回Columnshakegivestheimpressionof“roughidle”轴的振动给人以很粗暴的印象-Customerwonderifenginewillstall用户想知道发动机是否会停下来VehicleNVHAwareness62.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-Categorization-LowFrep.phenBodyModeIssue车身样式问题-Shake,roughnessandboomproblemstendtoinvolvethesamelowfrequencybodymodels振动，工作粗暴，噪声很大的问题往往与同样的低频车身形状有关-Samestructureinvolved有关的同样的结构-Excitationsmaybequitedifferent激励源可能大不相同VehicleNVHAwareness72.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-CategorizationTargetConsistency物体的组成-Modal/componenttargetsmustbeconsist组成的物体之间要相容-Example:SteeringColumnShake例如：操纵轴振动Modefrequencymustbe25Hzforwheel/tire对于车轮或是轮胎的形状频率必须25HzMustavoidprimaryfiringfrequency必须避开最初的点火频率VehicleNVHAwareness82.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-CategorizationMainOperationConditionsforEvaluationP/TNVH用主要的运行工况来评估P/T噪声和振动VehicleNVHAwarenessIdle空转Tip-in微调Lightaccelerationfromcruise从中速轻微的加速Lugging拖动HightorquelowRPM高扭矩，低转速Wot1stgearUSA-Automatic第一套传动装置美国-自动的2ndgearEurope-Manual第二套传动装置欧洲-手动的Cruise一般的速度Particularlymediumspeed特定的中速Coast滑动92.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-CategorizationSource来源VehicleNVHAwarenessOperationcondition工况Phenomenon现象Source来源Idle空转Boom/Shake噪声/振动Primaryenginefiring着火初期Rumble隆隆声Accessories零附件Tick&Hash滴答声杂声Belts,valve,injectors,etc气门喷油器等Rattle咔嗒声Gears传动装置Tip-in微调Moan呼啸声Primaryenginefiring着火初期Lugging拖动Boom轰隆声Primaryenginefiring着火初期WotBoom轰隆声Primaryfiring/exhaust着火初期/排气Growl咆哮声Noise噪声Firing,orders/engine/exhaust/induction着火顺序/发动机/排气/进气Cruise正常速度Boom/Shake轰隆声/振动Rumble隆隆声Noise噪声Drivelineimbalance动力传动系的不平横Accessories零附件Engine/exhaust发动机/废气Coast102.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-CategorizationFrequencyAlignmentofForces&StructuralModes受力与结构样式的频率表VehicleNVHAwareness100020003000400050006000255075100200350转速频率（HZ）•Firingordersandpowertrainresonance点火顺序和动力设备的共振转速频率表FWDP/TBending前轮驱动的P/T拐角RWD1stP/TBending112.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-CategorizationTargetSettingCascade物体位置的重叠•Generalprocess一般的方法-VOC-QFDratesofimportanceVOC-QFD重要性-FunctionalimagetargetsfromPALS/trade-off来自位置测定系统的功能投影目标-Converttoobjectivetargetranges转换成客观的目标值-Cascadetosystem/end-itemsviaparametric/NPAmodels经参数/噪声路径分析模型连接到系统/末项VehicleNVHAwareness122.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-VehicleLevelTargetsTypicalNoiseTargetsandTrendsVs.RPM典型的易产生噪声的物体其响度随转速的变化关系VehicleNVHAwarenessDEW98WOT1stGearV6RPM转速（转/分钟)25003000400050006000Loudness响度1515202325Zwickersones单位：宋132.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-VehicleLevelTargetsTypicalNoiseTargetsandTrendsVs.RPM典型的噪声的指标参数和声功率随转速的变化关系VehicleNVHAwareness502500290033003700410045004900530057006070dBARPM142.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-VehicleLevelTargetsShake振动VehicleNVHAwarenessTypicaltargets典型的物体Columnidleshake轴的空转振动DEW98targetisabout2mm/secattopofsteeringwheel在主动轮上的物体以2毫米/秒的速度振动Flooridleshake底板的空转振动DEW98isabout5mm/secforfloorpoints底版上的点以大约5毫米/秒的速度振动152.1VehicleLevelPowertrainNVH-VehicleLevelTargetsIdleBoomTargets空转时发出轰隆声