that用法(定语从句一)解析

第一部分定语从句定义及概述先行词关系词定语从句(1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。(3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。IwillneverforgetthegirlthatImetyesterdayinthestreet.定语从句两个必须★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。【指点迷津】第二部分关系代词引导的定语从句项目关系词关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系代词that人/物主语、宾语、表语which物/事主语、宾语、表语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语as人/物/事情主语、宾语、表语1.关系代词that的用法用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Thisisthefactorythatproducescars.(作主语,指物)2)Thegirlthatspoketomejustnowismyclassmate.(作主语,指人)3)Thefilm(that)wesawyesterdayisinteresting.(作宾语，指物)2.关系代词which的用法用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.(作主语)2)Thecar(which)myunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.(作宾语)关系代词that的特权和禁区1.特权：行使特权的条件：（1）限定性定语从句；（2）介词没有提前。2.禁区：有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。（1）非限定性定语从句；（2）介词提前时。【名师指津】【特别提醒】(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。ThefirstbookthatIboughtwasabouthowtolearnEnglish.(3)先行词是all,much,little,none,few等不定代词或由some,any,every,no等词构成的复合代词时）IdidallthatIcoulddoatthattime.Therewaslittlethatthedoctorcoulddoforthepatient.只用that不用which的情况：(4)当先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。Theonlythingthathecandoistosaysorrytoher.（5）先行词既有人又有物。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?（6）主句已有疑问词who/which时。Whichisthebookthatyoulike?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?（7）当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。Heisnolongerthemanthathewastenyearsago.Jinanisnolongerthecitythatitwastenyearsago.【典题例证】Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas____kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A．thatB．allthatC．allwhatD．which√只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况：1.当关系代词前有介词时。Adesertisagreatplaininwhichnothingwillgrow.2.引导非限制性定语从句时。Thestudentswaslateforclass7timesaweek,whichmadeherteachermad.3.一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。4.当先行词本身是that时。ThatwhichIhadknownaboutmadethemsurprised.用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Iknowthemanwhospoketoyoujustnow.(作主语)2)Sheisnotthegirlwhoshewas.(作表语)3.关系代词who的用法.4.关系代词whom的用法用法：指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。1)Hereistheman(whom)youarelookingfor.2)Thewoman(whom)yousawjustnowisourEnglishteacher.【特别提醒】关系代词who和whom的选择Mr.Smithistheverymanwho/whomyouarelookingfor.Ihaveafriendwholikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.Isthatthemanwithwhomyouarrivedyesterday?5.关系代词whose的用法用法：可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。1)Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.(指人)2)Theroomwhosewindowsfacetheeastismine.(指物）1.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity____namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whoseＩwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitythenamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.【典题例证】√2.Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever√6.关系代词as的用法用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在thesame…as…,such…as…,so…as…等句型中,as不能省略。（1）SuchteachersasknowTomthinkhimbright.(指人，作主语)（2）I’llbuythesamedictionaryasyouhave.(指物，作宾语)关系代词as的选择一、当先行词中有so,such等修饰语时；如：ThisissogoodabookasIcanhardlytearmyselfawayfrom.Neverpromisesuchthingsasyoucan’tachieve.Thisissogoodamovie_______weallwishtosee.Thisissogoodamovie_______weallwishtoseeit.asthat【名师指津】二、当定语从句置于句首时；如：Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesunonceeveryyear.Aswehadexpected,thestudentswhohadcheatedintheexamswerepunished.____isknowntoallthattheearthtravelsaroundthesunonceeveryyear.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.What√三、当先行词中有thesame修饰时，有时用that也有时用as来引导定语从句。二者意思稍有不同。如：ThisisthesameshirtasIworeyesterday.(这件衬衣和我昨天穿的那件一样。意思是说并不是同一件。)ThisisthesameshirtthatIworeyesterday.(这是我昨天穿的那件衣服。同一件衣服。)ThestudentsinNewYorkareusingthesametextbooksasweareusing.关系代词的省略有两个条件：一、限定性定语从句；二、作宾语。Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填【思路点拨】【典题例证】√