新编英语语法教程第五版-8&9-Pronoun

Lecture8&9PronounI.ClassificationofPronoun1.PersonalPronounI,you,he,she,it,we,you,theyme,you,him,her,it,us,you,themSubjectiveCaseObjectiveCase2.PossessivePronounmy,your,his,her,its,our,your,theirmine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirsDeterminerGenitivePronounNominalGenitivePronoun3.Reflexivepronoun:oneself,myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4.Reciprocalpronoun:oneanother,eachother5.Demonstrativepronoun:this,that,these,those6.Interrogativepronoun:what,which,who,whom7.Relativepronoun:that,which,who,whom,whichever,whoever,whomever8.Indefinitepronoun:some,any,no,each,either,neither,none,noone,etc.II.PronounagreementinNumberPrinciple:thechoiceofpronounnumberisgenerallydeterminedbythenumberofitsantecedentRefertothetextbookPage86-878.1代词与其先行项（词）的“数”的一致•（1）先行项（词）为everybody,everyone,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someonesomebody，等复合词时，•代词用单数:he,him,his.•P.s.:在非正式文体中也可用复数代词:they,them,their.•当先行词为everything，anything，something，nothing时，代词用单数。•E.g.:•Somebodyleft(his,their)raincoatonthisrack;(he,they)willhavetocomeandgetit.•Somethingstrangehappened,didn’t(it,they)?•Everyonethinks(heis,theyare)thecentreoftheuniverse.•（2）先行项（词）为并列结构，•如果指得是同一个人或物，就用单数代词。•如果指的是不同的人或物，就用复数代词。•E.g.:•NeitherthemembersofthecabinetnotthePresidentwillreveal(his,theirplans).•EitherJohnorJames,whoaretwins,(has,have)left(his,their)sweater.•（3）先行项（词）为集体名词，•要看其意义来决定用代词的单数还是复数。•Thecastisgiving(its,their)bestperformancetonight.•（4）先行项（词）为“复数名词或代词+each”，•如果each出现在动词前面，就用代词的复数。•如果each出现在动词后面，就用代词的单数。•E.g.:•PracticeExercise8A(P87-88)III.PronounagreementinGenderRefertothetextbookPage88-908.2代词与先行项（词）的“性”的一致•（1）先行项（词）为阳性，后面就用阳性代词，先行项（词）为阴性，后面就用阴性代词。•P.s.:注意区分人名。•E.g.:•FrancinewassokindtomethatIshallneverforget____.•（2）先行项（词）为通性名词，通常用阳性代词。•1）什么是通性名词？英语中有哪些常见的通性名词？•baby,child,infant,student,parent…（P89）•先行项（词）为通性复数名词，就要用复数代词。•2）在法律文体中，可用单数代词heorshe,hisorher.•3）在不必过问性别或者不知道性别时，先行项（词）为通性单数名词(baby,child,infant)，就用it，its。•1.Atallfigurewasmovingstealthilyabouttheroom.____wastheburglar.•2.Mybabyhasgot______firsttooth.•3.Apoliticianmaytrytobecompletelyhonest,but____alwaysfinds____hastocompromise.•（3）先行项为单数中性名词（即表示无生命的物体的名词），•通常用中性代词it,its,itself.•在说话人带感情色彩时或者拟人化时，可以用阳性或阴性代词.1）用she,her来代替以下名词:ship,thecar,天体：themoon,国家：themotherland,表示国家的名词（除朝鲜外）,表示季节的名词,动物：thecat补充:theStatueofLiberty,。•2）用he,him来代替以下名词：thesun,thewolf补充:athunder,thefatherland（朝鲜）•1.MexicoisacountryinNorthAmerica.___hasanareaof760,373squaremileswithapopulationof81,140,920.•2.Onceuponatimetherewasawolfinsheep’sclothing,hiding_______amongaflockofsheep.•3.After______weighedanchor,theshipslippedoutoftheharbour.IV.PronounagreementinPersonRefertothetextbookPage91-928.3代词与先行项（词）的人称一致（P91）•（1）先行项（词）的人称和单、复数决定着代词的人称形式：•某某人（He/She/ZhangShan)+I=We;•You+某某人（He/She/LiSi)=You；•某某人（He/XiaoLi)+某某人（She/XiaoWang)=They•A/Thehandsomeboy（靓崽）/A/Thesmartguy（帅哥）/LuXun/=He•A/Thebeautifulgirl（美媚）/A/Thefairymaiden（神/仙女）/Mary/DongQing/WangFei=She•A/Thehandsomeboyanda/thebeautifulgirl=They•A/Thecock（公鸡）/ram（公羊）/hog（公猪）=It/He•A/Thehen/mare（母马）tigress/lioness=It/She•A/Thecockanda/thehen=They•（2）前后要一致：•Whenyouseea5Dmovie,youshouldwearaspecialpairofglasses.•Whenoneseesa5Dmovie,oneshouldwearaspecialpairofglasses.•（3）语篇中的人称一致：•在同一段文章中要用同一人称贯穿到底，不要一会儿用第二人称，一会儿用第三人称。Exercise2010TEM-4:59.Whenonehasgoodhealth,________shouldfeelfortunate.A.youB.theyC.heD.we√V.CaseofPronounRefertothetextbookPage94-97（1）用主格还是用宾格•a）在非正式语体中，当人称代词用于不带位于或者不限定位于动词的不完全句中作主语时，用宾格。•E.g.:•Justbetweenyouand(I,me)thatmaniscrazy.•b）在比较从句中作主语，用主格；作宾语，用宾格。P.s.:在非正式语体中，作主语也可用宾格。E.g.:OfallwemenwhomIthinkshouldbeavailableforoffice,Thompersonisthefirstwhocomestomind.当这类人称代词带有all，both作同位语时，通常用宾格。•c）在分裂句中（强调句）中作中心词，常用主格：•P.s.:在非正式语体中，也可用宾格。•E.g.:•Itwas(she,her)whofinallyspokeup.•d)在“everybody,everyone,nobody,noone+but/except+人称代词”的结构中，按传统语法应该用宾格，因为是介词，后面需要跟宾语，但在实际使用中，只要人称代词出现在主语的位置上，常用主格。•E.g.:•Everybody,including(I,me),failedthetest.•e）在由人称疑问代词who引导的疑问句或从句中，作主语用主格，作宾语或介词补足语用宾格。•P.s.:在非正式语体中，任何位置都可以用主语。•但若人称疑问代词紧跟于介词之后，只能用宾格。e.g.:1.Stanleyhadnodoubtabout(who,whom)wouldbeelectedministerofdefense.2.To(who,whom)shouldIaddresstheletter?3.Thechild(who,whom)wethoughtwaslostwasfoundinthenextblock.•f)在由关系代词引导的定语从句中，如果作主语的who之后有Ibelieve,Ithink,Isuppose等插入语，通常用主格。•g)在由关系代词whoever引导的名词性从句中，作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格。•P.s.:whoever在不定式之后作补语，一般用宾格。•E.g.:•Hepromisedtosupport(whoever,whomever)oftheRepublicanprospectswaschosen.（2）用宾格还是用属格/所有格•a）当人称代词作主语的-ing词组作句子的宾语时，其逻辑主语常用所有格。P.s.：在非正式语体中，可用宾格。•当人称代词作主语的-ing词组作句子的介词补足语时，其逻辑主语常用所有格。•E.g.:•Thefamilyresistedtheideaof(she,her)leavinghome.•Icannotunderstand(him,his)refusingtodothatforme.•b)当主句带有defer，deny，postpone等作谓语动词时，人称代词用所有格。•c)当人称代词在主句中作宾语，-ing分词词组作补语，用宾格。•d)人称代词作宾语，而后面带有一个不定式，通常用宾格。•E.g.:•Ifound(his,him)lyingbytheroadside.•Theydeferredhimgoinghomeonfurloughuntilnextmonth.•Weallwanted(she,her)tosingasong.PracticeExercise9A(P97)VI.UsageofReflexivePronounRefertothetextbookPage98-1011.反身代词的单复数形式数单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称英文myselfhimselfherselfitself中文我自己你自己他/她/它自己我们自己你们自己他们自己人称中英文yourselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves2.反身代词的用