The-Fatal-Conceit：The-Errors-of-Socialism

BIBLIOTEKAAUSTRIACKAOSTERREICH-BIBLIOTHEKUNIWERSYTETUWROCLAWSKIEGO4234THEFATALCONCEITTheErrorsofSocialismApaperbackofVolumeIofTheCollectedWorksofF.A.HayekF.A.HayekstudiedattheUniversityofVienna,wherehebecamebothaDoctorofLawandaDoctorofPoliticalScience.AfterseveralyearsintheAustriancivilservice,hewasmadethefirstdirectoroftheAustrianInstituteforBusinessCycleResearch.In1931hewasappointedTookeProfessorofEconomicsandStatisticsattheLondonSchoolofEconomics,andin1950hewenttotheUniversityofChicagoasProfessorofSocialandMoralSciences.HereturnedtoEuropein1962,tothechairofEconomicsattheUniversityofFreiburg,wherehebecameProfessorEmeritusin1967.Theholderofnumeroushonorarydoctorates,andamemberoftheBritishAcademy,HayekwasawardedtheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicsin1974.HewascreatedCompanionofHonourin1984.Heistheauthorofsomefifteenbooks,includingPricesandProduction,ThePureTheoryofCapitalTheRoadtoSerfdom,TheCounter-RevolutionofScience,TheSensoryOrder,TheConstitutionofLiberty,andLaw,LegislationandLiberty.Hediedin1992.Theeditor,ProfessorW.W.Bartley,III,wasattheHooverInstitution,StanfordUniversityuntilhisdeathin1990.PLANOFTHECOLLECTEDWORKSFoundingEditor:W.W.Bartley,IIIEditor:StephenKresgeVolumeI *TheFatalConceit:TheErrorsofSocialismVolumeII TheUsesandAbusesofReason:TheCounter-RevolutionofScience,andOtherEssaysVolumeIII TheTrendofEconomicThinking:EssaysonPoliticalEconomistsandEconomicHistoryVolumeIV TheFortunesofLiberalism:EssaysonAustrianEconomicsandtheIdealofFreedomVolumeV NationsandGoldVolumeVI MoneyandNationsVolumeVII InvestigationsinEconomicsVolumeVIIIMonetaryTheoryandIndustrialFluctuationsVolumeIX ContraKeynesandCambridge:Essays,Correspondence,andDocumentsVolumeX SocialismandWar:Essays,Correspondence,andDocumentsVolumeXI EssaysonLibertyVolumeXII Essays,Debates,andReviewsVolumeXIIIThePureTheoryofCapitalVolumeXIVTheRoadtoSerfdomVolumeXV TheConstitutionofLibertyVolumeXVI Philosophy,Politics,andEconomicsVolumeXVIILaw,Legislation,andLibertyVolumeXVIIITheSensoryOrderandotherEssaysinPsychologyVolumeXIXJohnStuartMillandHarrietTaylor:TheirFriendshipandSubsequentMarriageTheplanisprovisional.Minoralterationsmayoccurintitlesofindividualbooks,andseveraladditionalvolumesmaybeadded.*availableinpaperbackTHECOLLECTEDWORKSOFFriedrichAugustHayekVOLUMEITHEFATALCONCEITTheErrorsofSocialismEDITEDBYW.W.BARTLEY,IIIFirstpublishedin1988byRoutledge11NewFetterLane,LondonEC4P4EEReprinted1989Newinpaperback1990Reprinted1990,1992SetinBaskervillebyColumnsofReadingandprintedinGreatBritainbyT.J.Press(Padstow)Ltd.Padstow,Cornwall©F.A.Hayek1988Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataHayek,F.A.(FriedrichAugust),1899-Thefatalconceit:theerrorsofsocialism.(ThecollectedworksofFreidrichAugustHayek).1.Socialism.PhilosophicalperspectivesI.Title II.Bartley,WilliamWarrenIII.Series335'.001ISBN0-415-00820-4ISBN0-415-04187-2(Pbk)4234THECOLLECTEDWORKSOFF.A.HAYEKFoundingEditor:W.W.BartleyIIIGeneralEditor:StephenKresgeAssistantEditor:GeneOptonPublishedwiththesupportofTheHooverInstitutiononWar,RevolutionandPeace,StanfordUniversityAngloAmericanandDeBeersChairman'sFund,JohannesburgCatoInstitute,Washington,D.C.TheCentreforIndependentStudies,SydneyChung-HuaInstitutionforEconomicResearch,TaipeiEarhartFoundation,AnnArborEngenhariaComercioeIndustriaS/A,RiodeJaneiroEscuelaSuperiordeEconomiayAdministraciondeEmpresas(ESEADE),BuenosAiresTheInstituteforHumaneStudies,GeorgeMasonUniversityInstitutoLiberal,RiodeJaneiroCharlesG.KochCharitableFoundation,WichitaTheVeraandWalterMorrisFoundation,LittleRockVerbandderOsterreichischenBankenandBankiers,ViennaTheWincottFoundation,LondonCONTENTSviiEditorialForewordXPreface5IntroductionWasSocialismaMistake?6OneBetweenInstinctandReasonIIBiologicalandCulturalEvolutionIITwoMoralitiesinCooperationandConflict17NaturalManUnsuitedtotheExtendedOrder19MindIsNotaGuidebutaProductofCulturalEvolution,andIsBasedMoreonImitationthanonInsightorReason21TheMechanismofCulturalEvolutionIsNotDarwinian23TwoTheOriginsofLiberty,Propertyandjustice29FreedomandtheExtendedOrder29TheClassicalHeritageofEuropeanCivilisation31`WhereThereIsNoPropertyThereIsNojustice'33TheVariousFormsandObjectsofProperty,andtheImprovementThereof35OrganisationsasElementsofSpontaneousOrders37ThreeTheEvolutionoftheMarket:TradeandCivilisation38TheExpansionofOrderintotheUnknown38TheDensityofOccupationoftheWorldMadePossiblebyTrade41TradeOlderthantheState43ThePhilosopher'sBlindness45FourTheRevoltofInstinctandReason48TheChallengetoProperty48OurIntellectualsandTheirTraditionofReasonableSocialism52MoralsandReason:SomeExamples55ALitanyofErrors60viiiixCONTENTSCONTENTSPositiveandNegativeLiberty62Appendices`Liberation'andOrder64A.`Natural'vs.`Artificial'143B.TheComplexityofProblemsofHumanInteraction148FiveTheFatalConceit66C.TimeandtheEmergenceandReplicationofStructu