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萬聖節~视频October31stisHalloweenHalloweenisoneoftheworld’soldestholidays,celebratedinseveralcountriesaroundtheglobeincludingtheUSA,Canada,England,Ireland,Scotland,Mexico,LatinAmerica,andSpain.万圣节是世界上最老的节日之一，在10月31日这天，有许多国家，如：美国,加拿大,英格兰,爱尔兰,苏格兰,墨西哥,拉丁美洲,西班牙等，都会庆祝万圣节的来临。Halloween’soriginsdatebacktotheancientCelticfestivalofSamhain(pronouncedsow-in).TheCelticpeopleslivedover2,000yearsagoIntheareathatisnowIreland,theUnitedKingdom,andNorthernFrance.在2000多年前的爱尔兰地区及法国北部，住着一群塞尔特人，而万圣节就是起源于古塞尔特人的一个叫做Samhain的节庆。FortheCelticpeoples,theNewYearwascelebratedonNovember1stofeveryyear.ThisdatemarkedtheendofSummerandthebeginningofWinter.FortheCelticpeople,theNewYearwascelebratedonNovember1stofeveryyear.ThisdatemarkedtheendofSummerandthebeginningofWinter.Thistimeofyearwasoftenassociatedwithhumandeath.塞尔特人选在每年11月1日庆祝新年，正值夏天结束，冬天刚开始的时节多半让人联想到黑暗的死亡。TheCeltsbelievedthatonthenightbeforethenewyear,theboundarybetweentheworldsofthelivingandthedeadbecameblurredasthedeadsearchedfortheafterlife.Thus,onthenightofOctober31st,theycelebratedSamhain,whenitwasbelievedthattheghostsofthedeadreturnedtoEarthtocausemischiefandtrouble.塞尔特人相信在新年的前一晚，阴间和阳间的大门不再门禁森严，此时阴间的鬼魂会趁机跑出来，为阳间的人们带来厄运。所以，在十月三十一日晚上，塞特尔人会庆祝Samhain这个节日，以趋魔避邪。Tocommemoratetheevent,peoplebuilthugesacredbonfireswhereanimalsandcropsweresacrificedtotheGodsforprotection,andtohelpscareghostsaway.TheCeltsalsoworecostumestodisguisethemselves,inanattempttoconfusethespiritsroamingtheEarth.塞尔特人藉着神圣的营火，燃烧献祭的动物和尸体，以赶走可怕的鬼魂并祈求神的保护。同时，塞尔特人也会假扮成鬼的样子，企图混淆跑到阳间的鬼魂。TraditionsofHalloween许多关于Halloween(万圣节)习俗，包括变装打扮，不給糖就捣蛋的游戏，咬苹果的游戏，刻南瓜灯笼，和点燃大营火等习俗，都可以追溯到塞特尔人Samhain节，或是Hallowmas这些节日。ManyofthetraditionsassociatedwithHalloweencanbetracedbacktotheancientfestivalsofSamhainandHallowmas.Traditionsincludecostuming,trick-or-treating,bobbingforapples,pumpkincarving,andthelightingofbonfires.Trick-or-treatingThemoderndaycustomofTrick-or-Treatingoriginatedfromtheveryoldcustomof“Going-a-souling”orbeggingforsoulcakes.Soulcakeswerebakedgoodsofferedtosoulsofthedeparted.TheChristianChurchencouragedthepracticeoftheneedygoingfromhometohomegatheringfood(Going-a-souling)atHarvesttime.Prayersfortherecentlydeceasedfromtheneedywereexchangedwiththegivingfamily.不给糖就捣蛋的游戏起源于要灵魂饼干的习俗，所谓的灵魂饼干就是将烤好的饼干祭祀过世的人。后来，基督教会鼓励贫穷的人在收获的季节里挨家挨户地乞求食物，若是得到食物，这些穷人就会帮这家庭中过世的人祈祷以谢谢他们。而穷人们对那些吝啬不给食物的人通常会以恶作剧来惩罚他们，或是诅咒他们下一年都会厄运缠身。大部分人都认为不给糖就捣蛋是起源于恶作剧之夜和要灵魂饼干(going-a-souling)的习俗。ThosenotofferinggoodswereusuallypunishedwithatrickonHalloweennightorhexedwithmisfortuneforthenextyear.Theterm“trick-or-treat”isthoughttohavefirstoriginatedinBritainwhereHalloweenwasknownas“MischiefNight”andthepracticeof“going-a-souling”wascommon.PumpkinCarvingCarvedpumpkinsaretraditionallyknownas“Jack-o-lanterns.”Traditionally,thejack-o-lanternwascarvedfromaturnip,potato,orbeetandlitwithaburningcandle.Theselanternsrepresentedthesoulsofdepartedlovedonesandwereplacedinwindowsorsetonporchestowelcomethedeceased.TheyalsoservedasprotectionfromevilspiritsfreedfromthedeadonHalloweennight.InNorthAmerica,turnips,potatoes,andbeetswerenotasreadilyavailable,sothepumpkinwasusedandfoundtobeasuitablereplacement.众人皆知的杰克南瓜灯是刻在南瓜上，但人们一开始是在萝卜，马铃薯或甜菜上刻灯笼，然后挖空并点燃蜡烛在里面，形成灯笼。这些灯笼代表着过世的亲友，并被放置在窗边或门廊上，以欢迎他们回来。他们也被视为可趋魔避邪的象征。在北美洲，萝卜，马铃薯和甜菜很罕见，因此常见的南瓜就成了非常适合的代替品。Jack-o-lanternsPeoplehavebeenmakingJack-o-lanternsatHalloweenforcenturies.ThepracticeoriginatedfromanIrishmythaboutamanknownas“StingyJack.”StingyJackonedayinvitedtheDeviltohaveadrinkwithhim.Notwantingtopayforthedrink,hetrickedtheDevilintoturninghimselfintoacoin,andthenputtheDevilintohispocketnexttoacrossthatpreventedtheDevilfromchangingbackintohisoriginalform.JackfreedtheDevilaftertheDevilpromisednottobotherJackor,shouldhedie,claimhissoul.万圣节刻杰克南瓜灯的习俗已经有几世纪的历史了。为什么要取名为杰克呢？在爱尔兰人的传说中有个有名的小气杰克。有一天小气杰克请魔鬼喝酒，喝完后，小气杰克却小气地不想付钱，所以他就骗魔鬼，要魔鬼把自己变成一枚硬币，魔鬼变成硬币后，小气杰克迅速地把硬币放在口袋里，和十字架放在一起，以防魔鬼变回原形。之后，魔鬼对小气杰克发誓，他绝对不会对小气杰克报仇，也保证杰克死了也不会让他下地狱。这时，小气杰克才让魔鬼变回原形。Eventually,whenJackdiddie,GodwouldnottakehimintoHeaven,andtheDevil,whohadpromisednottoclaimJack’ssoul,couldnottakehimintoHell.Thus,theDevilsentJack’sspiritintothenightwithonlyaburningcandletolighthisway.JackputthecandleintoacarvedoutturnipandhasbeenroamingtheEartheversince.TheIrishbegantorefertothisghostlyfigureas“JackoftheLantern,”andthensimplyas“Jack-o-lantern.”到小气杰克死掉后，上帝不允许他进入天堂，而魔鬼曾答应过他不会让他下地狱，所以杰克死后哪都去不了。因此，魔鬼就让他的灵魂漂泊在黑夜里，只留给他一根燃烧的蜡烛来指引他．从此以后，杰克就把蜡烛放在挖空刻好的萝卜里，并且一直留在人间吓人。爱尔兰人一开始称之为杰克的南瓜灯笼(JackoftheLantern)，后来简称为杰克南瓜灯(Jack-o-lantern)。SymbolsofHalloweenModerndayHalloweencelebrationsusemanysymbolstohelpmaketheholidaymorefestive………Someoftheseinclude…………现代人用许多东西来庆祝万圣节，让这个节日变得更有趣。你知道是哪些东西吗？Becausebatsonlyflyatnightandliveintombs,caves,andabandonedchurchesandbuildings,theyarebelievedtobeomensofevil.Theyarecommonlyassociatedwithwitchesandvampires.Itissuperstitionthatwitchesandvampirescantaketheformofabat.Sincethevampirebatistheonlymammalthatfeedsonblood,theyareoftenlinkedtodeathandoccultrituals.BATS蝙蝠是其中一项，因为蝙蝠只住在坟墓，洞穴和废弃的教堂或建筑物中，又因为蝙蝠常令人联想到女巫或吸血鬼，因此他们被视为邪恶的象征。在传说中，女巫和吸血鬼可以化身成蝙蝠，又因为吸血蝙蝠是唯一一种饮血维生的哺乳类动物，因此蝙蝠常让人联想到死亡或邪恶的仪式。WIT