2018届高三英语译林版(江苏专用)一轮复习第2部分专题11介词和介词短语

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上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习专题十一介词和介词短语上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习◆介词和介词短语的考查要点介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如at,in,for等;合成介词,如within,inside,onto,throughout等;短语介词,如accordingto,outof,becauseof,bymeansof,inspiteof,insteadof等;双重介词,如frombehind/above/under,untilafter等;分词介词,如considering,including,judging(from/by)等。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习1.介词搭配(1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。①robsb.ofsth./cleartheroadofsnow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of连用)②supplyuswithfood/filltheglasswithwine(表示“供给”意义的动词与with连用)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习③makeadeskofwood/makebreadfromflour/makethematerialintoacoat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of,from,into连用)④介词+the+部位与动词的关系(=动词+sb.'s+部位,可换用)strikehimonthehead(表示“击;拍;碰;摸”意义的动词与on连用)catchhimbythearm(表示“抓;拉;拿;扯”意义的动词与by连用)hittheboyintheface(表示“肚;胸;眼;脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习⑤prevent(stop,keep)sb.fromdoingsth.(表示“阻止,禁止”意义的动词与from连用)⑥persuade(advise,warn)sb.intodoingsth.(表示“说服;建议;警告”意义的动词与into连用)⑦buy(leave,get,win,gain,lose)sth.forsb.(表示“得失”意义的动词与for连用)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习⑧tell(show,teach,sing,write,read)sth.tosb.(表示“告知”意义的动词与to连用)⑨give(allow,promise,pass,hand)sth.tosb.(表示“授予”意义的动词与to连用)注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buysb.sth.,tellsb.sth.,givesb.sth.双宾结构。⑩saytosb.(suggest,explain,apologize,murmur,whisper等与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggestsb.sth.。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异。replytotheletter回信,sing(dance)tothemusic和……唱(跳),amountto达到,加起来有……,devoteto把……贡献给,drinkto为……干杯,objectto反对,lookforwardto渴望,cometo苏醒,belongto属于,searchfor搜……,askfor请求,use...for用作,leavefor前往,take...for误以为,callfor要求,waitfor等待,carefor喜欢,makeupfor弥补损失,turnto求助/救于,helponeselfto随意,agreeto同意,compare...to把……比作,sendfor派人去请/拿……,sailfor驶向,起航,setoutfor动身去,goinfor爱好……上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)常见“形容词+介词”搭配。worthyof值得的,gladaboutsth.forsb.为某人某事高兴,farfrom离……远,gratefultosb.forsth.为某事感激某人,freefrom没有……/免除……,proudof/takepridein自豪,satisfiedwith/by满意,sureof/about确信,fondof喜欢,fitfor适合,busywithsth./indoingsth.忙着干某事,fullof充满,readyfor准备,similarto相似,wrongwith不对;有毛病……上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(4)“名词+介词”习惯搭配和意义区分。theabsenceofwater缺水thehopeofsuccess成功的希望haveachanceof/forenteringcollege上大学的机会takeprideinthem为他们感到骄傲thekeytothequestion问题的答案amedicineforcough治咳嗽的药theticketfortomorrow明天的票上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习hisabsenceinBeijing他去了北京fromBeijing他不在北京thewaytostudy学习方法ofstudyingmaths学习数学的方法上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习【即时训练1】用适当的介词填空1.Ouropinionsonlanguagelearningdiffergreatlyfromeachother'sinthatrespect.2.Ourteacheroftenasksustoretellstoriesinourownwords.3.I'vepromisedtokeepitsecret,soIcan'treallytellyouanythingbeyondwhatyouknowalready.4.Withtimepassingby,theyhavegrownintobigboysandbiggirls.5.Whatwasthecauseofthefire?上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2.核心介词用法归纳与辨析(1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、季、月、周等,一般用介词in,如:inthe1990s,intheyear,inJanuary,in(the)winter/summer/fall/spring,inthefirstweekofMay。还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:inawhile,innotime,inthedaytime,inashortwhile,intime,inthemorning(afternoon,evening)。注意:①atnight/atnoon,intheday(在白天),inthenight(在夜间)。②infivedays(weeks,months,years)中in意思是“在……以后”。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。onSunday(s),onTuesdaymorningonChristmasDay(但atChristmas),onChristmasEve,onChildren'sDayonMarch8,onthemorning(afternoon,evening)ofOct.1earlyonthemorningofOct.1(区别:inthelate/earlymorningofOct.1)onarainynight,onwarmwinterdays上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。atbreakfast(supper,lunch),atsixatnoon(sunrise,sunset,midday,night,midnight,dawn)attheageof15,atthetimeofwar(但intimeofdanger/trouble)注意:有些时间名词前不接介词。①nextday,lastSunday,thatmorning,theseyears②one,each,any,every,some,all修饰时,一般不用介词,如someday,oneday,allafternoon。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。Hewaitedformetilltwelveo'clock.Hedidn'tgetuptill(until)10a.m.(不可用to).注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。Notuntil9a.m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoschool.(4)till,until的用法。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(5)in,later,after①in+一段时间:表示说话时为起点一段时间之后,与一般将来时连用;但表示“在……之内”时,用于各种时态。②一段时间+later(later是副词):表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。③after+一段时间:表示“在……之后”,用于一般过去时;但时间为点时间时,只能用after,即after+点时间,用于各种时态。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习Thedoctorwillbewithusinsixminutes.Shegraduatedin1981,andeightyearslatershebecamethemanagerofthefactory.Hereceivedherletterafterfourweeks.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习另外,in+一段时间+'s+time与within+一段时间的用法如下:inaweek'stime=inaweekTheywillarriveinthreedays'time.(与将来时连用)Mybrother'sbirthdayisintwoweeks'time.(作表语)I'llfinishthebookwithintwoweeks.(within=inlessthan...用于各种时态,意为“不超出,在……之内”)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(6)地点介词at,on,in,to,off,across,through,over,above,under,below。①at在较小的场所,in在较大的场所,on在……的平面上。如atthedoor,attheairport,atthestation,at55ParkStreet,inChina,inthenorth,inAsia,onthedesk,onthewall等。②on,at,in,off还可以表示两地的相对位置。若A地属于B地,用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接,用on;无边缘的衔接,用to;A在B附近,用off。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习JapanliestotheeastofChina.(范围之外)TaiwanliesinthesoutheastofChina.(范围之内)HunanProvinceliesonthewestofHubeiProvince.(毗邻)TheislandliesoffthecoastofChina.(相隔一定距离)上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习③across在物体表面“穿过”;through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。Theywalkedacrosstheplayground.Iwalkedthroughtheforest.④over,above译作“在……之上”;under,below译作“在……的下面”,其区别在于over,under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系;而above,below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”,不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习Alittleboati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