鸟巢英文介绍

Bird'sNestAbstract:ThemainvenuefortheBeijingOlympics,theNationalStadium,widelyknownastheBird’sNestbecauseofitsuniquedesign,hasbecomeanationwidesensation.Theremovaloftheelementshelpedtobringtheprojectunderthereducedconstructionbudgetof$290million,fromanoriginal$500million.Withtheremovaloftheretractableroof,thebuildingwaslightened,whichhelpeditstanduptoseismicactivity;however,theuppersectionoftheroofwasalteredtoprotectfansfromweather.Duetothestadium'soutwardappearance,itwasnicknamedTheBird'sNest.ThephrasewasfirstusedbyHerzog&deMeuron,thoughthepairstillbelievesthereshouldbemanywaysofperceivingabuilding.TheuseisacomplimentLiexplained,InChina,abird'snestisveryexpensive,somethingyoueatonspecialoccasions.Introduction:TheNationalStadiumissituatedintheBeijingOlympicGreen.DuringtheBeijing2008OlympicGames,theopeningceremony,closingceremony,trackandfieldmeets,andmen'sfootballfinalwillbeheldhere.Itistheworld'slargeststeelstructureandthemostcomplexstadiumeverconstructed.Itsdesignhadtobeinspiringandbeabletowithstandanearthquake.So'lightweight'wascombinedwithstrengthin110000tonsofanewgradeofsteel,thepuresteverdevelopedinChina,including36kmofsteelstruts.IthasbeenalandmarkandalongstandingsymboloftheOlympics.Itisoneofthekeyengineeringmarvelsintheworldtoday.TheBird'sNestwasthemainvenueofthe2008BeijingOlympicGamesandithasaseatingcapacityofover91,000.Withasimpleandclassicalspaceeffects,theNationalStadiumisbeautifullydesigned;andallthestructuralpartssupportwitheachother,forminganetworkframework.Itlookslikeabird'snestwovenwithbranches.AftertheBeijing2008OlympicGames,thestadiumwillbecomeasportsandentertainmentfacilityfortheresidentsofBeijing.AnditwillbecomeanotherimportanttouristattractionofBeijing.Bythe2001PritzkerPrizewinnerHerzog,andtheChinesearchitectLiXinggangdeMeuroncollaboratedgiantstadiumdesign,formsaslifenest,itismorelikeacradle,isentrustedwiththemankind'shopeforthefuture.ThedesignersoftheNationalStadiumdidnotdoanyextraprocessing,justgivethestructureisexposedoutside,sothenaturalformationoftheappearanceofabuilding.Designandconstruction:LocatedintheOlympicGreen,thestadiumcostUS$423million.ThedesignwasawardedtoasubmissionfromtheSwissarchitecturefirmHerzog&deMeuroninApril2003afterabiddingprocessthatincluded13finalsubmissions.Thedesign,whichoriginatedfromthestudyofChineseceramics,implementedsteelbeamsinordertohidesupportsfortheretractableroof;givingthestadiumtheappearanceofaBird'snest.LeadingChineseartistAiWeiweiwastheartisticconsultantontheproject.Theretractableroofwaslaterremovedfromthedesignafterinspiringthestadium'smostrecognizableaspect.Groundwasbrokenin24December2003andthestadiumofficiallyopenedin28June2008.Ashoppingmallandahotelareplannedtobeconstructedtoincreaseuseofthestadium,whichhashadtroubleattractingevents,footballandotherwiseaftertheOlympics.Theentirestructurecomponentofthestadiumcomposesthemutualsupporttoformagridstructure.Itlookslikeabird'snestandthegraysteelmeshiscoveredbytransparentmaterial.Itcontainsabowl-shapedstadiumwhichisred.Here,thehollowoutstyle,theceramiclines,theredrefulgenceandwarm,andthemostadvancedmodernsteelstructuredesignareperfectlyblendedtogether.Thewholebuildingisrelatedthroughthegiantreticularstructure,withoutonecolumnintheinterior.Thestandisshapedlikebowlwhichgivethestadiumunbelievabledramaticismandincomparableappeal.Thecontinuousloopwillalsomaketheaudiencegetthebestviewandpromotetheiremotion.Itcanalsoencourageplayerstobefaster,higherandstronger.Here,people,reallyhavebeengiventhecenterposition.Thecrustofthestadiumcanbemadebythediaphragm,maketocompletelywaterproof.Thesuncanpenetratethroughthetransparentrooftomeetthegrowthoftheindoorturf.Duringagame,thestandscanchangethroughvariouswaysandcansatisfythedifferentrequirementsofdifferentaudiences.DuringtheOlympicGames,20000temporaryseatsareonthetopofthestadiumandcanensurethateveryonecanclearlyseethewholegame.Theentrance,theexitandthecrowdflowthroughtheregionaldivisionandreasonablestreamlinedesignhadbeensettledperfectly.TheeasternandwesternstandsofBeijingNationalStadiumarehigherthannorthernandsouthernstands,inordertoimprovesightlines.A24-hourperdayrainwatercollectorislocatednearthestadium;afterwaterispurified,itisusedthroughoutandaroundthestadium.Pipesplacedundertheplayingsurfacegatherheatinthewintertowarmthestadiumandcoldnessinthesummertocoolthestadium.Thestadium'sdesignoriginallycalledforacapacityof100,000people;however9,000wereremovedduringasimplificationofthedesign.Thenewtotalof91,000wouldbeshavedfurtherwhen11,000temporaryseatswereremovedafterthe2008Olympics;bringingthestadium'scapacityto80,000.Thefarthestseatis460feet(140meters)fromcenterfield.Temperatureandairflowofeverysurfacewereoptimizedtoincreaseventilation.Thestadiumislikeahugecontainer,whetherthelasttoseeorLex,willgivetheimpressionthatdistinctive,nevererasetheimage,itisfullyinlinewiththeNationalStadiuminthefunctionalandtechnicalrequirements,butalsofromageneralStadiumbuildinglong-spanstructuresandthedigitalscreenasthemaindesigntechnique.Thespatialeffectofthestadiumonlyhastheunprecedentedo