搜索
《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》(英文版) InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights Adoptedandopenedforsignature,ratificationandaccessionbyGeneralAssemblyresolution2200A(XXI)of16December1966,entryintoforce23March1976,inaccordancewithArticle49 Preamble TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant, Consideringthat,inaccordancewiththeprinciplesproclaimedintheCharteroftheUnitedNations,recognitionoftheinherentdignityandoftheequalandinalienablerightsofallmembersofthehumanfamilyisthefoundationoffreedom,justiceandpeaceintheworld, Recognizingthattheserightsderivefromtheinherentdignityofthehumanperson, Recognizingthat,inaccordancewiththeUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,theidealoffreehumanbeingsenjoyingcivilandpoliticalfreedomandfreedomfromfearandwantcanonlybeachievedifconditionsarecreatedwherebyeveryonemayenjoyhiscivilandpoliticalrights,aswellashiseconomic,socialandculturalrights, ConsideringtheobligationofStatesundertheCharteroftheUnitedNationstopromoteuniversalrespectfor,andobservanceof,humanrightsandfreedoms, Realizingthattheindividual,havingdutiestootherindividualsandtothecommunitytowhichhebelongs,isunderaresponsibilitytostriveforthepromotionandobservanceoftherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant, Agreeuponthefollowingarticles: PARTI Article1 1.Allpeopleshavetherightofself-determination.Byvirtueofthatrighttheyfreelydeterminetheirpoliticalstatusandfreelypursuetheireconomic,socialandculturaldevelopment. 2.Allpeoplesmay,fortheirownends,freelydisposeoftheirnaturalwealthandresourceswithoutprejudicetoanyobligationsarisingoutofinternationaleconomicco-operation,basedupontheprincipleofmutualbenefit,andinternationallaw.Innocasemayapeoplebedeprivedofitsownmeansofsubsistence. 3.TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,includingthosehavingresponsibilityfortheadministrationofNon-Self-GoverningandTrustTerritories,shallpromotetherealizationoftherightofself-determination,andshallrespectthatright,inconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheCharteroftheUnitedNations. PARTII Article2 1.EachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakestorespectandtoensuretoallindividualswithinitsterritoryandsubjecttoitsjurisdictiontherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant,withoutdistinctionofanykind,suchasrace,colour,sex,language,religion,politicalorotheropinion,nationalorsocialorigin,property,birthorotherstatus. 2.Wherenotalreadyprovidedforbyexistinglegislativeorothermeasures,eachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakestotakethenecessarysteps,inaccordancewithitsconstitutionalprocessesandwiththeprovisionsofthepresentCovenant,toadoptsuchlawsorothermeasuresasmaybenecessarytogiveeffecttotherightsrecognizedinthepresentCovenant. 3.EachStatePartytothepresentCovenantundertakes: (a)Toensurethatanypersonwhoserightsorfreedomsashereinrecognizedareviolatedshallhaveaneffectiveremedy,notwithstandingthattheviolationhasbeencommittedbypersonsactinginanofficialcapacity; (b)Toensurethatanypersonclaimingsucharemedyshallhavehisrighttheretodeterminedbycompetentjudicial,administrativeorlegislativeauthorities,orbyanyothercompetentauthorityprovidedforbythelegalsystemoftheState,andtodevelopthepossibilitiesofjudicialremedy; (c)Toensurethatthecompetentauthoritiesshallenforcesuchremedieswhengranted. Article3 TheStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantundertaketoensuretheequalrightofmenandwomentotheenjoymentofallcivilandpoliticalrightssetforthinthepresentCovenant. Article4 1.Intimeofpublicemergencywhichthreatensthelifeofthenationandtheexistenceofwhichisofficiallyproclaimed,theStatesPartiestothepresentCovenantmaytakemeasuresderogatingfromtheirobligationsunderthepresentCovenanttotheextentstrictlyrequiredbytheexigenciesofthesituation,providedthatsuchmeasuresarenotinconsistentwiththeirotherobligationsunderinternationallawanddonotinvolvediscriminationsolelyonthegroundofrace,colour,sex,language,religionorsocialorigin. 2.Noderogationfromarticles6,7,8(paragraphsIand2),11,15,16and18maybemadeunderthisprovision. 3.AnyStatePartytothepresentCovenantavailingitselfoftherightofderogationshallimmediatelyinformtheotherStatesPartiestothepresentCovenant,throughtheintermediaryoftheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,oftheprovisionsfromwhichithasderogatedandofthereasonsbywhichitwasactuated.Afurthercommunicationshallbemade,throughthesameintermediary,onthedateonwhichitterminatessuchderogation. Article5 1.NothinginthepresentCovenantmaybeinterpretedasimplyingforanyState,grouporpersonanyrighttoengageinanyactivityorperformanyactaimedatthedestructionofanyoftherightsandfreedomsrecognizedhereinorattheirlimitationtoagreaterextentthanisprovidedforinthepresentCovenant. 2.ThereshallbenorestrictionuponorderogationfromanyofthefundamentalhumanrightsrecognizedorexistinginanyStatePartytothepresentCovenantpursuanttolaw,conventions,regulationsorcustomonthepretextthatthepresentCovenantdoesnotrecognizesuchrightsorthatitrecognizesthemtoalesserextent. PARTIII Article6 1.Everyhumanbeinghastheinherentrighttolife.Thisrightshallbeprotectedbylaw.Nooneshallbearbitrarilydeprivedofhislife. 2.Incountrieswhichhavenotabolishedthedeat