弗洛伊德的本能论与叔本华-尼采的唯意志论

[]2007-02-20[](1967-),,,,弗洛伊德的本能论与叔本华尼采的唯意志论白新欢(,510640)[]叔本华尼采的唯意志论是一种哲学世界观,弗洛伊德的本能论则是具有一定科学性的哲学,他们之间具有一种内在关联,从而使弗洛伊德的思想汇入西方哲学源流之中从弗洛伊德的本能学说看,叔本华和尼采的意志论都包含着一个内在矛盾,即无法在理论上逻辑地说明与生存意志及权力意志相反的现象,因为二者都共同缺失一个与生存意志或权力意志相对等的原则,这个原则就是死亡原则[]无意识;生存意志;权力意志;生本能;死亡本能[]1672-2035(2007)05-0030-05[]B505[]A???,,,!∀,,,,!∀(metapsychology),,,,,,:!,,,∀[1]85~86,,,,,,,,,,,,!∀,!∀!∀[2]4,15,!∀[3]452,:,!∀,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,:,,!∀65()Vol.6No.520079JOURNALOFTAIYUANNORMALUNIVERSITY(SocialScienceEdition)Sept.2007,,,,,,:!(selfpreservation)(preservationofspecies)##,,,##∃%(egoinstincts);∃%(sexualinstincts)∀[4]566!∀,,,,,:!∃%,,,,,,,,,,,&&&:##,,,∀[5]155!,,∃%,##,∀[2]68!,,,,,##∀[2]144,,,,,,!,(Weltanschauung),,:,,,∀[5]186,,!∀,!∀,,,,,,,,,!;∀[6]231,:,,,,,,,:!∀[7]104!∀!∀[8]3~4,,!∀,,!∀,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,??,,,!∀,:!∀[7]593,!∀,:!∀[7]593,,,,,::!,##∀[2]100!,∀[9]121!,##,∀[9]126,:!,,∋31∋5:##∀[10]72!,,,,∀[11]203,!∀,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,;,∀[1]86,,,,,,,,,,???,,,,,,,!,;∀[2]99!,,,∀[12]40,,??,,!∀,,,,,,,?,?,,,,,,,,,,,!&&&,,,,∀[2]99?,!,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,??,:,,,()(),,:,,??∋32∋()6,,,?,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,:(),!∀,:,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:???,,,:!&&&&&&!&&&!∀[7]701,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,!∀,:,,?,,!∀[11]18?,,?,!,∀[11]204?,,,?,,,?:,?:,,,∋33∋5:!∀[13]136!∀[7]471,,,,,,,(,),,,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,([][1]弗洛伊德.弗洛伊德自传[M].顾闻.上海:上海人民出版社,1987.[2]叔本华.爱与生的苦恼[M].陈晓南.北京:中国和平出版社,1986.[3]叔本华.作为意志和表象的世界[M].石冲白.北京:商务印书馆,1982.[4]车文博.弗洛伊德文集(第3卷)[M].长春:长春出版社,1998.[5]LaurenceSpurling.SigmundFreud:CriticalAssessments,VolumeI:FreudandtheOriginsofPsychoanalysis,Routledge[M].LondonandNewYork,1989.[6]车文博.弗洛伊德文集(第5卷)[M].长春:长春出版社,1998.[7]尼采.权力意志&&&重估一切价值的尝试[M].张念东,凌素心.北京:商务印书馆,1991.[8]尼采.偶像的黄昏[M].周国平.长沙:湖南人民出版社,1987.[9]叔本华.人生的智慧[M].张尚德.北京:工人出版社,1988.[10]尼采.反基督[M].陈君华.石家庄:河北教育出版社,2003.[11]尼采.超善恶[M].张念东,凌素心.北京:中央编译出版社,2000.[12]刘放桐.新编现代西方哲学[M].北京:人民出版社,2000.[13]尼采.论道德的谱系[M].周红.北京:三联书店,1992.FreudsTheoryofInstinctsandVoluntarismbySchopenhauerandNietzscheBAIXinhuan(CollegeofPoliticsandPublicManagement,SouthChinaUniversityofTechnology,Guangzhou510640,China)Abstract:ThevoluntarismbyA.SchopenhauerandF.W.Nietzscheisakindofphilosophicalworldview,whileS.Freudstheoryofinstinctsisphilosophyofsomescientificproperty.Thereisakindofinternalconnectionbetweenthem,andthismakesFreudsthoughtsconvergeintothesourceandcourseofwesternphilosophy.FromFreudsdoctrineofinstincts,thetheoryofwillbySchopenhauerandNietzschecontainsaninternalcontradictioninthattheoppositephenomenaofthewilltoliveandthewilltopowercannotbeexplainedlogicallyintheory,becausebothlackasymmetricprincipletothewilltoliveandthewilltopower,thatisthedeathprinciple.Keywords:unconscious;thewilltolive;thewilltopower;lifeinstincts;deathinstincts∋34∋()6