常耀信-英国文学简史笔记1-4章

英国文学简史重点笔记(1-4章)（南开大学出版社常耀信版）Chapter1TheoldEnglishperiodBeowulf作品特点及历史意义：1.TheonlyorganicwholepoemtocomeoutoftheAnglo-Saxonperiod.2.epic(史诗).3.ThestorytakesplaceinScandinavia,thereisnomentionofEngland.作品概述：twopartnarrative-Beowulf’sfightwiththesea-monstersGrendelandhismother;hiskillingafierydragonandhisdeath.写作特点：1.PaganstoryhasanChristianoverlay.2.usingofkenning(一种描写手法)。e.g.:seaisoften“swan’sway”or“whale-path”3.conspiciousoccurrenceofalliteration(头韵).4.story’sdisgressivemannerofnarration.5.elevatedtone.Chapter2Chaucer.Thepre-ElizabethanPeriod.MoreGeoffreyChaucer代表作：TheCanterburyTales作家：1.firstpreeminentEnglishpoet.2.ChaucerwasthefirstmostsignificantpoetinEnglishliteraryhistorytowriteinMiddleEnglish.3.amasterofrealism.作品：CanterburyTales:主要内容：acollectionof20-oddstories,4fragments.作品特点：1.substanceisfromothers,thetellingisChaucer’sown.2.enormoussenseofhumor.3.loyaltytoreality.Offerssuchapanorama(全景)ofsociallife.4.infinite(无限的)senseifhumanity.ThomasMore代表作：Utopia作家：ahumanist.Hewitnessedtheevilsofthefutureoftheworldandsoughttohelpmendthings.作品：Utopia:主要内容：1.consistoftwobookwithemphasisonbooktwoinwhichtheUtopianwealrepublicisdescribedindetail.2.booktwohas9sections:section1:geographiccontours.Section2:citylife.Section3:administrationofthecountry.Section4:lifestyle.Section5:familystructure.Section6:utopiatravel.Section7:bondmen.Section8:attitudetowardswar.Section9:religion.作品特点：1.nothingprivateinUtopia,noonehasanything,yeteveryisrich.Offersbestidealsocialsystempossible.2.someproblems:strictadherencetoconformity;slavesystem;superpowerpolitics;male-dominated.Chapter3TheElizabethanAge.Spenser.Sidney.MarloweEdmundSpenser代表作：TheFaerieQueene;TheShepheardesCalendar.作家：anon-dramaticpoet;ofQueenElizabeth’speriod;readandlovedChaucerandsawhimashispatterninliterarycreation.作品：TheShepheardesCalendar:主要内容：1.consistsof12pastoraleclogues(田园牧歌)，oneforeachmonthoftheyear.2.Dialoguesbetweenshepherdsorofsoliloquies,theeverydaylifeofcountrypeople,theirfeelingsandattitudes,andtheirsimplelifeofharmonywithnature.3.aroundwithsuchobservationsonthereligiousstrifeandpoliticalturbulenceofhisday.作品特点：1.fullofarchaic(古代的)or“Chaucerian”words,bringintoreliefarustic（乡村的，纯朴的）effect.2.TheecloguesintheCalendarfallintothreegroups-plaintive,recreative,andmoral.TheFaerieQueene:主要内容：1.praiseofElizabethⅠ’sEnglandinitself.2.Consistentofsixbooksandafragmentoftheseventhbook.3.tellrespectivelyabouttheRedCrossKnightofHoliness,theKnightofTemperance,thelegendofchastity,thatoffriendship,theKnightofJustice,andtheKnightofCourtesy.作品特点：1.Courageousexperimentationwiththemeters.SpecialrhymeschemeoftheSpenseriansonnets,andintheSpenserianstanza.Marlowe代表作：TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus;TheJewofMalta作家：ThemostpreeminentfigureamongtheUniversitywits.作品：TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus:主要内容：1.firstpartoftheplaytellsofFaustus’sdissatisfactionwithearthlyknowledgeandofhispartwiththedevil.2.secondpartabouthissatisfactionwithhisnewlyacquiredknowledgeandpower.3.Thethirdpartsoulbeingdraggeddowntohell,triestopraytoGod’ssave.作品特点：1.famousbothforitsthematicandformalfeatures.2.Thematically,FaustusrepresentsthearchetypalRenaissancehumanistof16thcentury,andasupremespecimenofEverymanforalltime.3.Formally,usessomedramaticdeviceslikethechoruses.Chapter4Shakespeare主要作品：sonnets,RomeoandJuliet,AMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeIt,JuliusCaesar,Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth作品：sonnets:154intotalTheme:1.love,passion,andsparksofwisdom.2.clearvisionoflifeandpeople.3.Renaissancepaeanofman.4.afaithfulrecordofthemoodandtenorofthetimes.Style:graceinform,depthinthought,andvivacityintone.Plays:firstperiod:generallyhappyandcheerful.Alldramasthisperiodendhappily.Secondperiod:frustration,tragicperiod.Allhismajortragedieswerewrittenwithinthespaceofafewyears.Lastperiod:acceptanceoftheinevitabilityoflife.特点：1.highlymoral.Evilbepunishedandgoodrewarded.2.wisdomandprofoundphilosophy.3.tolerantofhumanfoiblesandfaults4.avoidstheuseofjustonecolor-pureblackorwhite5.comicelementalongsidetheserious.6.senseofindividualworth.7.borrowsfromexistingworksbutrevisesandmakesthemsubstantiallyandsuperior.Bacon代表作品：Essays作品特点：wisdomandhisuniquestyle.Intimateknowledgeofhumannature