完整版-莫扎特

WolfgangAmadeusMozartByShannon,Helen,kiki,AmandaoverviewWolfgangAmadeusMozart（1756.1.27——1791.12.5)aprolificandinfluentialcomposeroftheClassicaleracomposedover600worksamongthemostenduringlypopularofclassicalcomposers.overviewlearnedfromothersanddevelopedastylethatencompassedthelightandgracefulalongwiththedarkandpassionateHisinfluenceonsubsequentWesternartmusicisprofound.posteritywillnotseesuchatalentagainin100years.FamilyandearlyyearsborninSalzburgphysicalappearance——aremarkablysmallman,verythinandpale,withaprofusionoffine,fairhairofwhichhewasrathervain.”HisfatherLeopoldwasdeputyKapellmeistertothecourtorchestraoftheArchbishopofSalzburgandaminorcomposer.Familyandearlyyears“Heoftenspentmuchtimeattheclavier,pickingoutthirds,whichhewasalwaysstriking,andhispleasureshowedthatitsoundedgood.[...]Inthefourthyearofhisagehisfather,foragameasitwere,begantoteachhimafewminuetsandpiecesattheclavier.[...]Hecouldplayitfaultlesslyandwiththegreatestdelicacy,andkeepingexactlyintime.[...]Attheageoffive,hewasalreadycomposinglittlepieces,whichheplayedtohisfatherwhowrotethemdown.”——reminiscedbyhissisterFamilyandearlyyearsInItalianjourney,thefirstofhisworks,thesolocantataExsultate,jubilate,K.165.In1775,violinconcertos,producingaseriesoffive.Thelastthree—K.216,K.218,K.219In1776,pianoconcertos,culminatingintheE-flatconcertoK.271ofearly1777InParisjourney,theAminorpianosonataK.310/300dandtheParisSymphony(no.31).FamilyandearlyyearsThereasons:hislowsalary,andSalzburgprovidedonlyrareoccasionsforcomposeoperas.In1777,resigninghisSalzburgpositionandventuringoutinsearchofemployment.fellintodebtandtooktopawningvaluables.Mozart'smothertookillanddied.finallyreachedhomeandtookupthenewposition,buthisdiscontentwasundiminished.FamilyandearlyyearsIn1781,besummonedtoVienna.decidedtosettleinVienna.ThedebateendedwhenMozartwasdismissedbythearchbishop.revolutionarystep“——greatlyalteredthecourseofhislife.Viennayears1781:establishinghisreputationasakeyboardplayerandacomposer1782:gettingmarriedwithConstanzewithouthisfather'spermission1783:visitinghisfamilyinSalzburgandcreatingMassinCminor1784:becomingafreemansory1783~1784:meetingHaydenandbecomingfriends1782~1785:mountingconcertswithhimselfassoloist1784:becomingaFreemason(共济会)Definition:freemasonryisafraternalorganisation（神秘组织）thatarosefromobscureoriginsinthelate16thtoearly17thcentury.Freemasonrynowexistsinvariousformsallovertheworld,withamembershipestimatedataroundsixmillion.Mission:BrotherlyLove,Relief,andTruthMozartwasadmittedasanapprenticetotheVienneseMasoniclodgecalledZurWohltätigkeit(Beneficence)on14December1784.HewaspromotedtojourneymanMasonon7January1785,andbecameamasterMasonshortlythereaftermasonicmusic:TheMarriageofFigaro（费加罗的婚礼）andTheMagicFlute（魔笛）.Mozart'sBerlinjourneyThecitiesofVienna,Prague,Dresden,andBerlinlieonaroughlynorth-southaxis,inthepresent-daynationsofAustria(tan),theCzechRepublic(orange)andGermany(lightblue);Leipzigfallssomewhattothewestofthisaxis.Distances:1789~1790Finalillnessanddeathstillcontinuinghisprofessionalfunctionsbeingnursedbyhisfamilydyingon5Decemver,1791beingburiedinacommonbravethecauseofMozart'sdeath:trichinosis,influenza,mercurypoisoningetcMozart'scharacterworkinglongandhardbeingraisedaRomanCatholicbroadsocialtiesenjoyingbilliardsanddancingscatologicalhoumorscatologicalhumordefinition:toilethumor,atypeofoff-colourhomordealingwithdefecation(排便),urination(撒尿),flatulence(胃肠胀气),vomiting(呕吐)andotherbodyfunctions.example:Well,IwishyougoodnightButfirstshitintoyourbedandmakeitburst.Sleepsoundly,myloveIntoyourmouthyourarseyou'llshove.worksSymphonies2.1Childhoodsymphonies(1764–1771)2.2Salzburg-erasymphonies(1771–1777)2.3Latesymphonies(1778–1791)3Concertos3.1Pianoconcertos3.2Violinconcertos3.3Hornconcertos3.4Woodwindconcertos3.5Concertantesymphonies3.6Other4Pianomusic4.1Solopianoworks4.2Dualpiano/performerworks4.2.1Pianofour-hands4.2.2Twopianos5Chambermusic5.1Violinmusic5.1.1Childhoodviolinsonatas(1763–66)5.1.2Matureviolinsonatas(1778–88)5.1.3Variationsforviolinandpiano5.1.4Stringduosandtrios5.2Stringquartets5.3Stringquintets5.4Pianotrios5.5Otherchambermusic6Serenades,divertimenti,andotherinstrumentalworks6.1Serenades6.2Divertimenti6.3Marches6.4Dances7Sacredmusic7.1Masses7.2Othersacredmusic8Churchsonatas9Organmusic10OperasStyleanarchetypeoftheClassicalstyleEuropeanmusic:stylegalantMozart’smusic:Baroque,newformsaversatilecomposersymphony,opera,thesoloconcerto,chambermusicincludingstringquartetandstring,andthepianosonataStylecentraltraits:Clarity,balance,andtransparencyaprreciatethemusic:recognizingtheviolenceandsensualityatthecenterofMozart'sworkstyleagiftforabsorbingandadaptingvaluablefeaturesofothers'musicahelpoftravelsintheforgingofauniquecompositionallanguagestyleInLondonasachild,meetingJ.C.BachInParis,Mannheim,andVienna,meetingwithothercompositionalinfluences,aswellastheavant-gardecapabilitiesoftheMannheimorchestra.InItaly,meetingtheItalianovertureandoperabuffa.StyleSomeofMozart'searlysymphonies:Italianovertures,withthreemovementsrunningintoeachother;homotonal(a