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Part7prose-writersandpoetsofthemidandlate19thcenturyChapter1ThomasCarlyleHewaselectedLordRectorofEdinburghUniversityHeisaliterarycriticSartorResartusTheFrenchRevolutionHeroesandHero-WorshipPastandPresentChapter2Ruskinandsomeotherprose-writers1JohnRuskinHeisacritic.ArtcriticismandsocialcriticismHeisasocialthinkerandamasterofEnglish.Hisprescriptionforthecontemporarysocialproblemswasfaulty,buthesincerelysympathizedwiththepeopleandexposedwithholywraththeevilsModernPainters2MatthewArnold3MacaulayChapter3AlfredTennyson1809~1892（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）PoetLaureate（桂冠诗人）①InMemoriam悼念Tomemorializehisfriend②Break,Break,Break冲击、冲击、冲击③IdyllsoftheKing国王叙事诗Chapter4RobertBrowning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889AfollowerofShelley①MyLastDutchess我已故的公爵夫人②HomeThoughtsFromAbroad海外乡思③PippaPassesElizabethBarrettBrowing:①SonnetfromthePortuguese葡萄牙十四行诗HeintroducedtoEnglishpoetryanewform,thedramaticmonologueHehasbeenpraisedasaageniusincourageousandhigh-heartedfigure,well-knownforbuoyantoptimism.Chapter5theRossettisandSwinburne1DanteGabrielRossettiPoem:TheBlessedDamozel2ChristinaGeorginaRossettiPoem:GoblinMarket3Fitzgerald'sRubaiyat4AlgernonCharlesSwinburneChapter6WilliamMorrisPoet,artist,socialistPoem:TheDefenceofGuenvereTheLifeandDeathofJasonTheEarlyParadiseSigurdtheVolsungTheaimofhisworksistobringbeautyintothelifeofhiscountrymenProse:ADreamofJhonBallNewsfromNowhereChapter7literarytrensattheendofthecentury1naturalism:NaturalismisaliterarytrendprevailinginEuope.Accordingtothenaturalism,literaturemustbeturetolifeandexactlyreproducereallife,includingallitsdetailswithoutanyselection.Theyusuallywriteaboutthelifeofthepoorandoppressed,ortheslumlife,theycanolyrepresenttheexternalappearanceinsteadoftheinneressenceofreallife.GeorgeGissing,:NewCrubStreet2neo-romanticismDissatisfiedwiththedrabanduglysocialrealityandyettryingtoavoidthepositivesolutionoftheacutesocialcontradictions.Theylaidemphasisupontheinventionofexcitingadventuresandfascinatingstoriestoentertainthereadingpublic.Theyledthenovelbacktowardsstiry-tellingandtoromance.RobertLouisStevensonTreasureIsland金银岛3aestheticismArtforsake.Artshouldservenoreligious,moralorsocialens,noranyendexceptitself.WalterPater:StudiesintheHistoryoftheRenaissancelatercalledTheRenaissanceHteConclusionoftheTheRenaissanceisacrystallizationofhisfaithinthepursuitpfbeautyasthesolesuccessoflife.OscarWilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900（TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt’sSake）①4Comedies:TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest认真的重要LadyWindermere’sFan温德米尔夫人的扇子AWomanOfNoImportance一个无足轻重的女人AnIdealHusband理想的丈夫②Novel:ThePictureOfDorianGray多利安•格雷的画像③FairyStories:TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales快乐王子故事集Part820thcenturyEnglishliteratureChapter1thenewcentury:socialandhistoricalbackground1911-1914threegreatstrikesThecolonialdivisionoftheworldbythecapitalpowershadbeencompletedbytheendof19WWI1914-19181929,economiccrisisbrokeout1930s,werecalledRedDecadeChapter2Englishnovelofearly20thcentury1therealistTheysoughtfornewwaysandmeansofrevealingthetruthoflife.SamuelBulter,GeorgeMeredith,HerbertGeorgeWells2RudyardKiplingthebardofimperialism诗集：BarrakRoomBallad营房诗集;TheSevenSeas七海;RecessionandOtherPoems赞美诗及其他;TheFiveNations五国长篇小说：Kim基姆;CaptainCourageous勇敢的船长短篇小说：PlainTalesfromtheHills;SoldiersThere;TheStoryoftheGadsby;LifeHandcap生命的阻力;TheJungleBook;TheSecondJungleBook林莽之书;TheLostLegionArnoldBennett:TheOldWive'sTaleJosephConcrad①LordJim吉姆爷②HeartOfDarkness黑暗的心1.Whythebook’stitleisHeartofDarkness?ThestoryhappenedinCongo,theheartofAfrica,andthecolorofpeople’sskininthereisblack.Mostimportantpointaboutthetitleistotheevilinhumans’heart.2.Whatisthesymbolismofblackandwhite【Black/dark-】death,evil,ignorance,mystery,savagery,uncivilizedMiddleAges,whenscienceandknowledgewassuppressed,astheDarkAges.AccordingtoChristianity,inthebeginningoftimeallwasdarkandGodcreatedlight.AccordingtoHeartofDarkness,beforetheRomanscame,Englandwasdark.Inthesameway,Africawasconsideredtobeinthe“darkstage”.【White/light】life,goodness,enlightenment,civilized,religion.Yet,inConcrad,theusualpatternisreverseanddarknessmeanstruth(Thetruthwithin,thereforedarkandobscure.),whitenessmeansfalsehood.ThiscontrasttellsapoliticaltruthaboutcolonialismintheCongo.ThecontrastalsosuggestsapsychologicaltruthaboutMarlowandtheEuropeansmind.Whitealsosuggestsanynumberofunpleasantmoraltruths.Thetradeinivoryiswhiteanddirty.Kurtzthewhitemanistotallycorrupt3.CommentThebookimpliesthatcivilizationsarecreatedbythelawsandcodesthatencouragementoachievehigherstandards.Thelawactsasabuffertopreventmenfromrevertingbacktotheirdarkertendencies.Civilization,however,mustbelearned.Londonitself,inthebookasymbolofenlightenment,wasonceoneofthedarkerplacesoftheearthbeforetheRomansforcedcivilizationupontheBritons.Butcivilizedsocietydoesnotgetridofprimevalsavagetendencieswhichlurkinthebackground.ThissavageryisseeninKurtz.MarlowmeetsKurtzandhefindsamanthathastotallythrownofftherestraintofcivilizationandhasde-evolvedintoaprimitivestate.4.Character【Kurtz】representswhateverymanwillbecomeiflefttohisownintrinsicdesireswithoutaprotective,civilizedenvir