第1页§状语从句的种类(九种)口诀:时地原因条状补,目比结果方让步,连词引导各不同;主句通常前面走,连词引导紧随后,从句若在主前头,主从之间有个逗。用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为:1.时间状语从句;(adverbialclauseoftime)2.地点状语从句;(adverbialclauseofplace)3.原因状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcause)4.条件状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcondition)5.目的状语从句;(adverbialclauseofpurpose)6.让步状语从句;(adverbialclauseofconcession)7.比较状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcomparison)8.方式状语从句;(adverbialclauseofmanner)9.结果状语从句。(adverbialclauseofresult)§状语从句的时态特点一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如:1.时间状语从句;(adverbialclauseoftime)①由when,while,as引导的时间状语从句。例如:Whenwegothome,IfindTom.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Wealwayssingaswewalk.我们总是边走边唱。②由before和after引导的时间状语从句。Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.他们要过四天才能回来。Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。③由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回来为止。Ididn'tworkuntilhecameback.他回来我这才开始工作。④由since引导的时间状语从句。since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在Itis+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。⑤由assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute,等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。IwillgotheredirectlyIhavefinishedmybreakfast.吃完早饭,我立即到那里。ThemomentIheardthenews,Ihastenedtothespot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。第2页AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。【注意】hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when/before,nosooner…than相当于assoonas之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly,scarcely,rarely和nosooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如:Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。Nosoonerhadthesunshownitselfabovethehorizonthanhegotoutofbedtocommencework.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。⑥由bythetime引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。⑦由eachtime,everytime和whenever引导的时间状语从句。EachtimehecametoHarbin,hewouldcallonme.他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。2.地点状语从句;(adverbialclauseofplace)地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型。句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。Wheretheywent,theretheywerewarmlywelcomed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。地点状语从句与定语从句的区别在于分句在句中作什么成分。作状语,则是状语从句;作定语修饰名词,则是定语从句where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词。如:Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.(where引导地点状语从句)你从何处来到何处去。Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.(where引导定语从句,修饰village)句型2:Anywhere/wherever+地点从句,+主句。【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever,anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。Whereveryougo,I’llberightherewaitingforyou.Pleaseputthepenwhereyoufindit.3.原因状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcause)由because,as,since引导Ididn’tgo,becauseiwasafraid。4.条件状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcondition)连接条件状语从句的连接词有:if,unless,aslongas.IfIamnotbusytomorrow,Iwillplayfootballwithyou.Youwon’tpasstheexamunlessyouworkhardonit.Aslongasyoutakemyadvice,youwillbeatyourrival.5.目的状语从句;(adverbialclauseofpurpose)连接目的状语从句的连接词有:sothat,inorderthat.Cherrywaswalkingquicklysothat(inorderthat)shecouldarrivedatthecinemaintime.6.让步状语从句;(adverbialclauseofconcession)连接让步状语从句的连接词有:although,though,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever,whenever,whoever,whichever.Although(though)Igavehimsomeadvice,hedidn’ttakethem.Johncontinuedtoworkhardevenif(eventhough)hefeltsick.Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.==Nomatterwhatyoudo,Iwillsupportyou.Howeverdifficultitmaybe,wewillovercomeit.===Nomatterhowdifficultitmaybe,wewillovercomeit.7.比较状语从句;(adverbialclauseofcomparison)第3页As……asSheisastallasI(orme).Heworksashardashisbrother(does).thanHeistallerthanIexpected.8.方式状语从句;(adverbialclauseofmanner)连接方式状语从句的连接词有:as,asif,asthough.YoushoulddoyourhomeworkasTomdoes.Jerrywaslyingonthebedasif(asthough)hewasverytired.注意:通常情况下,asif等于asthough.9.结果状语从句。(adverbialclauseofresult)连接结果状语从句的连接词有:so…that,such…that.ShespokeEnglishsoclearlythatallofuscouldunderstandher.Sheissuchaniceteacherthatallofusloveher.