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AttributiveClause一.定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。eg.TheboywhoisreadingisTom.先行词关系代词Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.先行词关系副词先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy=whotheboy’s=whoseintheschool=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质themachineamachinethat/whichTheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.herTheladywesawyesterdayisGreen.who/that关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词二.关系词的分类1.关系代词2.关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行词充当从句的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语①who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom③which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.whichHeistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.that⑤whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whoseThescientist(who/that)wemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress(which/that)sheiswearingisnew.(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.巩固练习一：用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthefilm.Ihaveevermentionedit.Heisthekindperson(who/whom/that)Ihaveeverworkedwith.Thisisthefilm(that/which)Ihaveevermentioned.2.关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.1.关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）;Therearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.2在非限制性定语从句中;Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(2)5种只能用which不能用that的情况。3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定从的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which；Hegavemeagiftthathadbeenboughtfromtheshopwhichbelongstohisuncle.4.当先行词为指物的代词that和those时；HehasfoundthatwhichIamlookingfor.5.当关系代词后面有插入语时。Hereisthebookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.1.Isthereanything____belongstoyou?2.Thisisthefirstplay____IhaveseensinceIcamehere.3.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,_______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.巩固练习二：选择that或which填空thatthatwhich4.Whichisthemachine_____weusedlastSunday.5.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings______youtalkedaboutjustnow.巩固练习二：选择that或which填空thatthat(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who:(2)用who不用that的情况①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.(3)whose引导的定语从句要点①whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。②whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：Thebossinwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点④whose的先行词指物时，可用ofwhich代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名词。如：Thenovelwhosetitle(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。⑤whose的先行词指人时，可用ofwhom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名词。如：Theboywhosemother(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)isadoctorismyfriend.1.Those______haven’ttakenphysicalexaminationmustgotohospitalnow.2.Theboss________factorymyfatherworksisverystrict.我父亲所工作的工厂的老板很严厉。3.Anyone_____wantstoattendatopuniversityhastoworkveryhard.4.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.巩固练习三：在空格中填入适当的词whoinwhosewhowhose(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系；e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配；e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前。如：我照顾的那个老人好多了。TheoldmanafterwhomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.√1.Thesong,________weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.2.Heisthehero________weareproud.3.Thisisthecollege________we’llvisitafamousactor.4.Theearth________weliveisabigroundball.inwhichofwhominwhichonwhich巩固练习四：在空格中填入适当的介词和关系代词5.Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10?6.Doyouliketheteacher__________shelearnedalot?7.Doyouliketheteacher___________wearetalkinghasgoneabroad?8.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichfromwhomaboutwhomofwhich先行词是theway、意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用