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我国社会保障体制的现状、问题及对策一、我国社会保障体制的现状社会保障制度是在政府的管理之下，以国家为主体，依据一定的法律和规定，通过国民收入的再分配，以社会保障基金为依托，对公民在暂时或者永久性失去劳动能力以及由于各种原因生活发生困难时给予物质帮助，用以保障居民的最基本的生活需要。社会保障制度是通过集体投保、个人投保、国家资助、强制储蓄的办法筹集资金，国家对生活水平达不到最低标准者实行救助，对暂时或永久失去劳动能力的人提供基本生活保障，逐步增进全体社会成员的物质和文化福利，保持社会安定，促进经济增长和社会进步。现代社会保障制度区别于以往任何一种保障方式。首先，它是由社会向个人和家庭提供的经济保障，超出了家庭和社区的界限；其次，社会保障一般由政府主导，通过立法和行政手段加以实施，不同于私人的慈善行为或个人的自我保险行为；第三，现代社会保障除了提供实物援助以外还提供现金援助，并建立起发放这些援助的全国性社会行政体系。1、社会保障制度简介1、社会保险社会保险是指国家通过法律强制实施，为工薪劳动者在年老、疾病、生育、失业以及遭受职业伤害的情况下，提供必要的物质帮助的制度。它是社会保障制度的核心内容。随着国有企业改革不断深化和社会主义市场经济体制的发展，传统的单位保障制度已经逐步转变为社会保险制度，社会保险基金成为社会保障总经费的重要组成部分。中国当前社会保险制度主要包括两类。一类是面向正规就业城镇职工的养老保险、医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险；另一类是面向城乡居民和非正规就业人员的新型农村合作医疗（新农合2004）、城镇居民基本医疗保险（2008）和正在试点的新型农村养老保险（新农保2008），正在酝酿推出城镇居民基本养老保险制度。随着社会保障制度不断完善，各项社会保险覆盖范围逐步扩大，参保人数和基金规模持续增长，图1是我国社会保险参加人数折线图：rapiddevelopmentofthemarketeconomyenvironmenttoexplorepublicservants'dutyconsumptionmonetizationreformhasprovidedagoodfoundation.Thesocializationofrearserviceworkhasbeenlaunched,andrapidprogressinsomeplacesanddepartments,dutyconsumptionmonetizationofcarrierandapproachtomanagementhasbeenresolved.Third,inrecentyears,exploringthemonetizationofdutyconsumptionhasmadesomeprogress,havegainedsomeexperienceandcanprovidereferencetothecomprehensivereformofthesystemofpublicservants'dutyconsumptionfurther.Implementinganhonestcanteen,standardizeofficialentertainingmanagement;enhancingthetelecommunicationexpensemanagement;eliminationofCountytravelandcountrysidesubsidies;researchvillageofficialscapitalizationmanagementofcorporatespending,andsoon.Finally,group...18sessiontobeheldinBeijingfromNovember9,2013to12th.35yearsagoblewthethirdplenarysessionofthereformandopeningupinthespringbreeze,changed,affecttheworld;today,35yearslater,intheeyesofthenationandtheworldexpect,againtoreformmarkChina,usheredinthe18session.XIGeneralSecretarypointedoutthatChina'sreformhasenteredacrucialperiodandtheShamShuiPoDistrict,mustbebasedongreaterpoliticalcourageandwisdom,losenotimeindeepeningreforminimportantfields.Darestocrackahardnut,darestoquestiontheRapids,whichdarestobreakthebarrierofideas,anddaretobenefitcurebarriers.Deepeningreformandopeningupisonscheduletoachieveinstitutionalsafeguardsofthemoderatelywell-off.UnderthefiveinonetheGenerallayoutofsocialistmodernizationrequirements,18sessionofthedecisionwasafiveinoneandtheimprovementofoverallschemeofreform,willpromoteanintegratedandcoordinatedeconomic,political,cultural,socialandecologicalcivilizationconstructionofthefivereformsandtheparty'sconstructionintheareaofinstitutionalreform.Thefiveinoneprogrammeistoachieveacomprehensivereformofinstitutionalguaranteesforobjectivesofbuildawell-offsociety,thesmoothprogressoftheconstructionofawell-offsocietyandreformtheobjectivesoftheprogramme.One,holdingtimeandplaceimportanceonNovember9,2013tothe18sessionofthe12thBeijingsince1978,35,havebeen7plenarysession,eachtimeonmajorissuesofpoliticalandeconomiclifeofthecountryhasmadeimportantdeployment.InaccordancewithPRCpoliticalpractice,oftenateverysessionoftheCPCCentralCommitteeinaplenarysessionwasheldimmediatelyaftertheparty'sCongress,onthethemepersonnel,discussingelectionCentral'stopleaders,suchastheelectionoftheStandingCommitteeofthepoliticalBureau,throughtheCentralCommitteemembers,decisions,suchasmembersoftheCentralMilitaryCommission.Thesecondplenarysession,isheldintwosessionsbeforethegeneralelection,mainlytodiscussanewStatepersonnelissues.Butbythethird德国教育家第斯多惠说：“教学的艺术不在于传授本领，而在于激励、唤醒、鼓舞。”当学生沉浸于“我能学好”的喜悦中时，必然会产生更强烈的主动求知的心理冲动plenarysession,eachsessionoftheCentralCommitteeofnationalinstitutionsandpersonnelproblemshavebeenarranged,youcanconcentrateonnationaldevelopmentandreforms.Previousplenarysessionisoftenbrandedwithacentralleadingcollective,oftenbylookingatthethirdplenumoftheinitiativetofoundthecurrentcentralleadershipcollectivegovernancecharacteristics.FromtheanalysisoftheprocessofeconomicreforminChina,plenarysession,12session,14,16plenarysessionhaveprogrammaticmeaning,respectively,markingthefourstagesofChina'seconomicreform,andthatthestart-upphaseofreform,reform,constructionphaseandperfectingtheSocialistmarketeconomyframeworkstageofsocialistmarketeconomy.Previousplenarysessiontopicsproposedtothethirdplenarysessionoftakingclassstruggleasthekeylink,shiftedtosocialistmodernization;12sessionmarkedthechangefromruraltourban,establishedwithpublicownershipastheFoundationofaplannedcommodityeconomy;13sessionatatimewhenboththeoldandthenewsystemchange,governanceandrectifytheeconomicorder;14...FairandefficientandauthoritativeSocialistjudicialsystem,safeguardthepeople'sinterests.LegalauthoritytoupholdtheConstitution,deepeningthereformofadministrativelawenforcement,ensurethattherighttoexercisejudicialpowerindependentlyandimpartiallyaccordingtolawtheprosecution,perfectingtherunningmechanismofjudicialpower,improvethesystemofjudicialprotectionofhumanrights.Plenarysession,Affairstherighttoadheretothesystem,andletthepeopleauthoritytoletthepowerrunintheSun,isshutupinacageofthesystempowerpolicy.DecisionScience,implementationshouldbeconstructedstrong,supervi