《初三英语数词》PPT课件.ppt

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考点揭密1.掌握数词的定义及分类;2.3.掌握序数词的构成及特殊形式的序数词,了解并能够运用数词的其他用法。中考向导•命题趋势:•数词是各省历年中考试题中必考知识点之一。体形多以单项选择、词形变化为主。分值在1—2分。考察内容主要是基数词、序数词的基本用法。涉及到基数词与序数词的用法区别、基数词的读法、序数词的词形变化等。考查重点•“hundredsof/thousandsof/millionsof+复数名词”表示不确定的数目的用法,基数词表示时间、日期、度量等的用法,特殊形式的序数词,如:fifth,eight,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,twenty-first/second/third等的用法;分数的表达法;编号的表达法。Numberscardinalnumbers(基数词)表示数量的多少ordinalnumbers(序数词)表示人和事物的顺序数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词,分基数词和序数词两种。基数词(cardinalnumbers)的构成及用法:1.1~12的基数词是独立单词,无规律可循。eleventwelve2.13~19的基数词一般在3~9对应的基数词后加-teen构成,注意:thirteenfifteeneighteen3.20~90八个整十位数以后缀-ty结尾。注意:twenty(20)thirty(30)forty(40)eighty(80)4.“几十几“的基数词由十位数和个位数中间加连字符“-”构成:twenty-nineninety-seven5.百位数和十位数之间,在英国英语要用“and”连接,在美国一般不用。threehundredandfivefourhundredandforty-five6.英语中“万”及以上的表示法:53,461fifty-threethousand,sixhundredandforty-one30,045,310thirtymillionandforty-fivethousand,threehundredandten3,333,333,3337.hundred,thousand,million,billion前有确切数词时,遵循“两个无”原则,即无“s”,无“of”。threehundredpeopleninemillionbooks8.但hundred,thousand,million,billion前无确切数词时,则遵循“两个有”原则,即有“s”和“of”。manythousandsoftreesmillionsofbirdstensofthousandsofsoldiersThousandsofmillionsofthreehundredspeoplethreehundredofbooks9.基数词常与名词连用构成复合形容词作定语,中间要用连字符,而且只用名词的单数形式.an800-hundred-wordcompositionafive-weekholidaya20-meter-tallbuilding10.基数词可以表示年代、时刻、住所、房间、教室、电话号码等。inthe1980’s(1980s)inthenineteeneightiesPagethreeRoom403atseventhirtyin1991(innineteenninety-one)inone’sfifties(在某人50多岁的时候)注意下列习惯表达方式:halfanhourhalfakilotwoandahalfkilos=twokilosandahalfoneortwodays=adayortwoeightymeterslongonethousandmilesawayfivemetersdeep(wide/tall/high/long)fivemetersindepth/width/height/length序数词:序数词表示人和事物的顺序,其构成方法如下:1、不规则变化:基数词onetwothreefiveeightninetwelve序数词firstsecondthirdfiftheighthninthtwelfth2.以-ty结尾的表示“几十”的基数词,先把y变为I,再加-eth,如thirty—thirtieth,ninety—ninetieth等。3.表示“第几十几”时,十位数的“几十”仍用基数词,只把处位部分变成序数词就行了。如:thirty-one—thirty-first,forty-two—forty-second等。4.除上述情况外,均在词尾加-th,如:ten—tenth,onehundred—onehundredth。序数词(ordinalnumbers)的构成及用法:1.基数词one,two,three的序数词分别为:first,second,third(1st2nd3rd)2.从第四到第十九的序数词在基数词后加“-th”.注意:fiftheighthninthtwelfth3.十位整数基数词的序数词需将词尾的“y”改为“i”,再加“eth”构成.twentytwentiethfortyfortiethninetyninetieth4.“几十几”的数及4位数以上基数词的序数词只将个位变成序数词即可.onehundredthonethousandthfourhundredandthirty-second5.日期的表达一般用序数词.3月8日March8(th)读作:Marchtheeighth6.用于最高级前表示“第二、第三…“thesecondmostusefulthethirdlargestcity7.second,third等与“a“连用,表示”又一,再一”.再一次asecondtime8.在…世纪:inthetwenty-firstcenturyinthenineteenthcentury概数的表示法1.Over/above/morethan+数字(…多/以上)over/morethantwoyears(两年多)abovetwentypounds(20磅以上)2.below/under/lessthan+数字(不足/不到…,…以内)belowsixdaysundertwohourslessthan60miles3.about/nearly/some/toward(s)/moreorless+数字数字+orso/moreorless(大约/近…,…上下/左右)about90yardsnearlyonetenthsomefiftyfeetninekilosorsomoreorless20meters/20metersmoreorless“每隔”与“每逢”的表示法:两种结构:every+基数词+复数名词every+序数词+单数名词everyfourdayseveryfourthday每四天(每隔三天)everythreelineseverythirdline每三行(每隔二行)每隔一天:everyotherdayeverytwodayseveryseconddayThebusrunseveryfiveminutes.Oneineverytwentystudentsistobechosenastherepresentative.一些数学公式、小数和分数的表示法:7X3=21Seventimesthreeistwenty-one.9÷3=3Ninedividedbythreeis3.3.5threepointfive½a(one)half1/3onethird¼a/onefourtha/onequarter4/5fourfifths12/23twelvetwenty-thirds一、表示事物的编号基数词放在名词的后边,该名词一般要大写;序数字放在名词的前面,加定冠词。如:Lesson1/thefirstlessonRow3/thethirdlesson二、年、日、时刻的表达方法1、“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词,前面要加定冠词。读的顺序是月、日、年。如:1999年5月2日读作:Maythesecond,nineteenninety。2、“时刻”用基数词表达,同时要注意以下几点:1)表示“整点”时,在基数词后加o’clock,如:9o’clock.2)分钟小于或等于30分钟的,用“分钟数+past+钟点数”形式;如分钟数大于30分钟的,用“到下一个分钟数所差的分钟数+to+下一个分钟数”形式;也可以依次读钟点数和分钟数。如:7:20twentypastseven或seventwenty3)注意表示两个特殊的表示分钟的单位词;30分钟用half,15分钟用aquarter。如:6:30读作:halfpastsix5:45读作:aquartertosix6:15读作:aquarterpastsix三、分数的表达方法:表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母用复数;分数修饰名词时,后面用短语。如:onethirdofteachersthreeseventhsoftheboys½¼分别用ahalf和aquarter表示。四、“基数词-名词-形容词”只能用在名词前作定语。如:sheisa3-year-oldgirl.Theyliveina7-storey-highbuilding.注:这种结构中名词不能用复数,同时只能作定语,用作表语时,不用连字符,名词用复数。如:Jimis10yearsoldthisyear.Jimisa10-year-oldboy.例1Thenumber2,146isreadas__________.A.twothousandsandonehundredandfortyandsix.B.twothousandandahundredandforty-six.C.twothousand,onehundredandforty-six.D.twothousands,onehundred,forty-six.分析:英语数字的读法是有规律的,百位跟十位之间加and,十位与个位用连字符,三位以上的数用逗号分开,第一个逗号代表thousand等.根据数字的读法,可以找出正确答案为C.例2Thereare_____peopleinmyfamily.Weliveinthe_____floorinatallbuilding.A.five;sixB.fifth;sixthC.fifth;sixD.five,sixth分析:第一个空表示数量肜基数词,第二个空表示顺序用序数词,选D.例3——Excuseme,howdoesthisnumber20,135read?——Itreads___________.A.twentythousandsonehundredandthirtyfiveB.twentythousandonehundredthirtyfiveC.twentythousand,onehundredandthirty-fiveD.twentythousands,onehundredandthirty-five分析:根据数字的读法规律,选C。例4Inourclass______ofthestudentsaregirls.A.threefifthsB.threefifthC.thirdfiveD.thirdfifths分析:根据分数的表达方法,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母用复数可以找到正确答案为A。【例1】Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?______A.AhalfB.AquarterC.TwothirdsD.Three-fourths典型例题解析【例2】Davidhas_________cat.It‘sverynice.[2003,四川]A.aB.anC.theBA【例3】A_________schoolboy,LiLida,firsttriedtocrosstheQiongzhouChannelinJune,2000.[2003A.12-year-oldB.12-years-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