Iceberg Cultural Model

IcebergTheoryofCultureFineArtsLiteratureDramaClassicalMusicFolkDancingGamesCookingNotionsofModestyConceptionsofBeautyIdealsofGoverningChildRaisingRulesofDescentCosmologyRelationshiptoAnimalsPatternsofSuperior/SubordinateBehaviorDefinitionsofSinCourtshipPracticesConceptionofJusticeIncentivestoWorkNotionsofLeadershipTempoofWorkTheoryofDiseaseConceptionofCleanlinessPatternsofGroupDecision-MakingAttitudesTowardtheDependentApproachestoProblemSolvingEyeBehaviorConceptionofStatusMobilityConceptionofPastandFutureRolesinRelationtoAge,Sex,Class,Occupation,Kinship,andSoForthDefinitionofInsanityConversationalPatternsinVariousSocialContextsNatureofFriendshipOrderingofTimePreferenceforCompetitionorCooperationBodyLanguageSocialInteractionRateNotionsofAdolescenceNotionsaboutLogicandValidityPatternsofHandlingEmotionsFacialExpressionsArrangementsofPhysicalSpaceANDMUCH,MUCHMORE…Justasnine-tenthsoftheicebergisoutofsightandbelowthewaterline,soisnine-tenthsofcultureoutofconsciousawareness.Theout-of-awarenesspartofculturehasbeentermeddeep-culture.Source:AdaptedfromBeyondCulture(1976)byEdwardT.Hall