空间句法术语汇编-城数据派

1空间句法术语汇编杨滔2018年2月2空间句法术语汇编根据2012年伦敦大学学院的空间句法网络培训平台项目中的术语（）编辑而成。当时笔者作为伦敦大学学院副研究员，负责术语的汇编以及翻译工作，BillHillier教授，AlanPenn教授，TimStonor,KayvanKarimi等对汇编术语都给予校核，StephenLaw对后期工作进行优化。由于网站运行较慢，不便于国内空间句法爱好者查询，特再次进行整理工作。抽象人造物（AbstractArtefacts）抽象人造物是采取基本抽象形式的一种人造物体，如语言、文化、社会机构、乃至社会本身。其目标是生成并管理分散的活动，并通过这种方式，将讲演、人们行为或社会表演等分散的集体活动转变为某种表象的系统。Abstractartefactsareaclassofartefactstakingaprimarilyabstractform,suchaslanguage,cultures,socialinstitutesandarguablysocietyitself.Theyaimtogenerateandgoverndispersedevents,andthroughthistoconvertadispersedcollectivityofspeakers,behavioursorsocialactorsintosomesemblanceofasystem.来源：Hillier,B.(1996,2007),SpaceistheMachine:AConfigurationalTheoryofArchitecture.SpaceSyntax:London,UK.pp.65-66相邻空间（AdjacentSpaces）相邻空间是直接与某个特定空间相通的空间。Adjacentspacemeansthespacebeingdirectlyconnectedtoaspecifiedspace.来源：Hillier,B.(1996,2007),SpaceistheMachine:AConfigurationalTheoryofArchitecture.SpaceSyntax:London,UK.pp.23-24.智能体的分析（AgentAnalysis）在空间句法领域，智能体的模型是模拟个性化的运动行为，其中智能体根据视线关系分析而获得的确定视线范围，选择自己的运动方向。这些智能体预先计算出任何给定位置可视信息。基于智能体的模式允许程序员模拟人可能的行为，因为他们通过环境中导航。参考智能体/自动机。3Inthefieldofspacesyntax:anagent-basedmodelisasimulationofindividualmovementbehaviourinwhich‘agents’choosetheirdirectionofmovementbasedonadefinedvisualfieldderivedfromvisibilitygraphanalysis,inwhichagentshaveaccesstopre-computedinformationaboutwhatisvisiblefromanygivenlocationinthemap.Theagent-basedmodelallowstheprogrammertosimulatethelikelybehaviourofpeopleastheynavigatethroughtheenvironment.See:Agents/Automata.来源：Penn,A.&Turner,A.(2001)Spacesyntaxbasedagentsimulation.In:(Proceedings)1stInternationalConferenceonPedestrianandEvacuationDynamics.:UniversityofDuisburg,Germany,1-16.pp.7.同步智能体（AgentofSynchronisation）同步智能体被定义为虚拟的人类认知主体，可同步协同复杂空间的序列体验，整合为一次性显示的图景，作为空间序列的再现以及解决问题的工具。Agentofsynchronisationisdefinedashumancognitivesubjectwhoisabletosynchroniseaseriesofexperiencesofthespatialsequencesmakingupacomplexspaceintoan'all-at-once'picturewhichservesbothasarepresentationanadaproblem-solvingdevice.来源：Hillier,B.(2003)Theknowledgethatshapesthecities:thehumancitybeneaththesocialcity.In:(Proceedings)4thInternationalSpaceSyntaxSymposium.:London,UK.pp.01.15-16智能体/自动机（Agents/Automata）智能体是计算机模拟的自动化个体，具备体外的存储能力，可以被其所在环境中所有其他智能体所读取。该智能体不仅能编码对象的位置，还可以编码可达性结构的信息。Agentisdefinedasautonomousagentwithaformofexosomatic(outsidethebody)memorycommontoallagentsinanenvironment.Itencodesnotonlyobjectlocations,butalsoinformationabouttheaccessibilitystructure.来源：Penn,A.&Turner,A.(2001)Spacesyntaxbasedagentsimulation.In:(Proceedings)1stInternationalConferenceonPedestrianandEvacuation4Dynamics.:UniversityofDuisburg,Germany.pp.7.聚集过程（AggregationProcess）聚集过程体现为将简单的个体对象聚集为一个复杂的复合物。例如，聚落来源于一组房屋的聚集。Aggregationprocessisdefinedasaprocedureforaggregatingsimplesingleobjectsintoacomplexcompositeobject,suchasasettlementgeneratedbyaggregatingtogetheracollectionofhouses.来源：Hillier,B.&Hanson,J.(1984),TheSocialLogicofSpace,CambridgeUniversityPress:Cambridge.pp.35.所有线分析（AllLineAnalysis）所有线的分析是关于所有轴线的句法分析，可合理地视为空间中所有物体所带来的视线影响分析，因为这些线被定义为任意两个物体上任意两个顶点之间可以相互对望的连线。Alllineanalysismeansthesyntacticanalysisconductedforalllineaxialmap.Itisreasonabletothinkofthisasananalysisofthefieldofvisibilitycreatedbytheplacedobjects,sinceeverylinedefinesalimitofvisibilitycreatedconjointlybyapairofverticesfromapairofobjects.来源：Hillier,B.(1996,2007),SpaceistheMachine:AConfigurationalTheoryofArchitecture.SpaceSyntax:London,UK.pp.271;Penn,A.,Conroy,R.,Dalton,N.,Dekker,L.,Mottram,C.,Turner,A.(1997),Intelligentarchitecture:newtoolsforthethreedimensionalanalysisofspaceandbuiltform,inProceedingsofthe1stInternationalSymposiumonSpaceSyntaxUniversityCollegeLondon,London,pp.30.3-4;Turner,A.,Penn,A.,&Hillier,B.(2005),Analgorithmicdefinitionoftheaxialmap.EnvironmentandPlanningB:PlanningandDesign32(3):425–444.pp.429所有线的轴线图（All-lineAxialMap）所有线的轴线图指根据所有物体上彼此可相互对视的顶点而绘制的所有切线之集合。5Alllineaxialmapisasetoflinesmadeupofalllinesdrawntangenttoverticesthatcanseeeachother.来源：Hillier,B.(1996,2007),SpaceistheMachine:AConfigurationalTheoryofArchitecture.SpaceSyntax:London,UK.pp.271;Penn,A.,Conroy,R.,Dalton,N.,Dekker,L.,Mottram,C.,Turner,A.(1997),Intelligentarchitecture:newtoolsforthethreedimensionalanalysisofspaceandbuiltform,inProceedingsofthe1stInternationalSymposiumonSpaceSyntaxUniversityCollegeLondon,London,pp30.1-30.19.pp.30.3-4;Turner,A.,Penn,A.,&Hillier,B.(2005),Analgorithmicdefinitionoftheaxialmap.EnvironmentandPlanningB:PlanningandDesign32(3):425–444.pp.429全中心性（Allocentricity）全中心性指从系统的每个点去观察系统所构成了空间表达，而非从某个特定的点去观察系统。Allocentricityisdefinedasthepropertytiedtoarepresentationofallpointsfromwhichthesystemcanbeseen,ratherthanaparticularpointofviewfromwhichthesystemisseen.来源：Hillier,B.(2003),Thearchitecturesofseeingandgoing:or,arecitiesshapedbybodiesorminds?Andisthereasyntaxofspatialcognition?In:(Proceedings)4thInternationalSpaceSyntaxSymposium:London,UK.pp.06.18建筑的分析理论（AnalyticTheoryofArchitecture）建筑的分析理论在用于指导设计师之前，试图将建筑物作为现象去理解。Ananalytictheoryofarchitectureisonewhichseekstounderstandarchitectureasaph