Henry-David-Thoreau.5ppt

HenryDavidThoreauThoreauBornJuly12,1817inConcord,Mass.Family’sreligiousbackgroundWenttoHarvardin1833(16yearsold)Becameateacher(1837)Openedaprivateschool(1838-41)1841,EmersoninvitedThoreautobehishandyman.Freeroomandboard.editingTheDial1845-47–LivedatWaldenPond.1846Spentanightinjailforrefusingtopayapolltax(人头税）1849AWeekontheConcord&MerrimackRivers(“CivilDisobedience”)publishedsameyearDiedin1862oftuberculosisatage44.Onhisdeathbed,heexpressednoregretsforthelifehehadlived.–Auntaskedhim,“HaveyoumadeyourpeacewithGod?”–Hisreply:“Weneverquarreled.”Thoreau’ssignificanceAmerica’sgreatestnaturewriter.Hisbasicconcernwasnotwithnatureitselfbutwithman’splaceinnature.Waldenisaneloquentaccountofhisexperimentinnear-solitarylivingincloseharmonywithnature.itisalsoanexpressionofhistranscendentalist,itphilosophyThoreau我走入林中，因为想从容地生活。我希望可以生活得深邃并领悟生命的精髓，摒除所有不属于生活的东西。当我即将辞世的时候，我不想发现自己从未真正生活过。•WaldenPondparkareawassavedfrombeingbuiltonbecauseofhiswritings.•Over600,000visitorsannuallytoWaldenPond••Acopyoftheone-roomcabinneartheWaldenpondwhereThoreaulived.•ThecottageisnotfarfromWaldenPond.WaldenPondsummerandfallWalden“Idonotproposetowriteanodetodejection(depression),buttobragaslustilyasachanticleer公鸡inthemorning,standingonhisroost,ofonlytowakenupmyneighbor.”ForamanisrichinproportiontothenumberofthingswhichhecanaffordtoletaloneWaldenMornings–tookhisbathinthepondandthenhoedinhisgarden.–stormydaysorwintermorningshereadorwroteAfternoons–spentwanderingthroughtheConcordwoodsorboatingonitspondsandrivers.Evenings–devotedtohisfriendswitheitheratriptothevillageorbyhavingafewguestsinhiscabin.CivilDisobedience(1849)grewoutofanovernightstayinprison(1846)becauseofhisrefusaltopayapolltax(人头税）thatsupportedtheMexicanWar,whichtoThoreaurepresentedanefforttoextendslavery.Thoreau'sadvocacyofcivildisobedienceasameansfortheindividualtoprotestthoseactionsofhisgovernmentthatheconsidersunjust.“CivilDisobedience”Thoreau’schiefpurposewastopersuadementoreturnagaintothesuperiorstandardofabsolutetruth.Whenmorallawandgovernmentallawcomeintoconflict…CivilDisobedience”Hehasbeeninfluentialworldwide.ItwasGandhi’sguidebookforhiscampaigntofreeIndiafromBritishrule.ItwasusedbyblacksforstrugglesforCivilRightsintheSouthMartinLutherKing,Jr.Hisphilosophy:emphasizedthedynamicecologyofthenaturalworld.hisquiet,one-manrevolutioninlivingatWaldenhasbecomeasymbolofthewilledintegrityofhumanbeings,theirinnerfreedom,andtheirabilitytobuildtheirownlives.2ManaspartofnatureThoreaucounterstheseparationofmanfromsocietybyconceivingofmanasapartofnature.Throughhislifeinthewoods,livingforthemostpartoffthefruitsofthelandandderivingintellectualstimulationfromplantsandanimals,SummaryoftheexcerptWhereILived,andWhatILivedFor,talksabouthowheonceconsideredbuyingtheHollowellfarmforhimselfbutthepurchasefellthrough.Instead,hecreatedanewexistenceforhimselfatWalden,wherehefoundjoyandfulfillmentinnature,trulyawakeninginhismorningsthere,whilemostofsocietyremainsperpetuallyasleep,livingmeanliveswhenthepossibilityofamuchbetterlifeispossible.Thekeytoachievingsuchalife,hesays,issimplicity.ThemeofWalden1Theslumberingofmankindandneedforspiritualawakening:withoutconsideringthegreaterquestionsandmeaningofexistence.seekaspiritualawakening.2Manaspartofnature:3Thedestructiveforceofindustrialprogress:4Theanimal/spiritualdialectical辩证的strugglewithinman:5Natureasreflectionofhumanemotions:6Discoveryoftheessentialthroughalifeofsimplicity:.