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1AnapproachtosuccessfulEnglishwritingLadiesandgentlemen,Firstofall,I’dliketoextendmysincerecongratulationstoyoursuccessofsittinghereasacandidateofMasterdegreewhichresultsfromyourgreateffortsofyears.ThisisthefirsttimethatwehavemethereformyEnglishwritingcourse.Itisalsoabeginningofnewexperience,anewleafofyourlife,ofwhichyoumayhavegoodreasonstocherishmanywonderfulwishesandexpectations.Itispleasingthatyouarenolongertobesupposedtolearnjustforpassingsomekindofcompulsoryexam,suchasCETBand6,thoughallofyouwillhavetowriteaconventionalcompositioninyourfinals.Youcomeheremainlyforsomethingpractical,usefulandnecessaryinyourfuturecareer,writtenskillsofEnglishcommunication.YoucomeheretolearnmoreaboutEnglishwriting,topolishwhatyouhavecommandedandtoenhanceyourcurrentwritingproficiency.YoumaywanttobeabletowriteanEnglishmedicalpapertopublishyourfindings,anEnglishabstractforyourChinesearticle,oranEnglishreporttoyourforeigncolleaguesonyourrecentproject.SomeofyouwillsitfortheEnglishentranceexaminationformedicaldoctoralcandidates.IwilltrytomeetthesedifferentneedswithsomethingthatIcallessentialnotionsandfunctions（意念功能）ofEnglishwriting.TheproficiencyofEnglishwritingisaverybroadconceptwhichinvolvesnotonlymanynotions（意念）butalsocountlesscommunicativefunctions.IfwesaysomeoneisgoodatEnglishwriting,weactuallymeanthatheiscapableofexpressingsomenotionsandhisEnglishwritingskillsarejustsufficienttoperformtheneededfunctions.Inthissense,tolearnEnglishwritingistolearntheskillsneededtoexpressone’sspecificnotionsandfunctions.Fromthepointofviewoflinguisticcommunication,towriteistoperformmanyspecificcommunicativetasksofexpressingnecessarynotionsandcompletingnecessaryfunctions.Itseemsthatcommunicativenotionsandfunctionsaretoovariousandtoogreatinnumber,butweshouldknowthattheyarenotequallyimportant,useful,essential,practical,ornecessaryforus.Themostessentialandfrequentlyusedonesarelimitedinnumberbutenableustoperformthemajorityofourcommunicativetasks.Whatwearegoingtolearnandtrytocommandareessentialnotionsandfunctions（意念功能）ofEnglishwriting.Tomakeagoodbeginning,youshouldfirstknowwhatIamgoingtodoandwhatyouaregoingtodowiththiscourse.Iamnotgoingtoconductmycourseinatraditionalway.Iamnotgoingtomakemespeakallthetimeontheplatformandyoujustsitandlistendownthereaswellasmakedaydreams.Iamgoingtobasemycourseonmyteachingexperienceandfindingsofages,onthetheoryoftask-basedcommunicativeapproach.Iamnolongerateacherinatraditionalsense,onewhodominatestheclassroombecauseheteacheshisstudentswhatheknowsbuttheydonotknow.IamgoingtobeaguidewhoisjustabletohelpyouwithwhatIknowbutyoudonotknow,orarenotgoodat,toacquirewhatyouneedtoknow.Thefirstthingyouaregoingtodoistoattendmyclasses.AttendanceiscompulsorynomatterhowskillfulyouareatEnglishwriting.Ifyouareaproficientwriter,youcanmakecontributionstothecoursebyhelpingmeandyourclassmates.Classactivitiesarecenteredroundpracticalcommunicativetaskswhichyouaresupposedtogetinvolved.Classparticipationis2encouragedandsopartoftheclassroomtimewillbedevotedtoit.Nextyouaregoingtoperformandcompletewrittencommunicativetasksassignedbyme.Theywilltakeyoulotsoftimeoutofclassifyouwanttodoagoodjob.Inthisway,IwillshowyouhowyoucanreallymasterwhatyouneedinyourfuturewrittencommunicationanddevelopcompetenceinmedicalEnglishwritingbyyourselves.Classroomtimewillbedevotedtoillustration,explanation,discussion,groupwork,andstudents’participation.Classroomactivitieswillbedecidednotonlybymebutalsobyyou.Partofthecontentsofthecoursehasbeenpreparedbymeinadvancebutpartofthecontentsisgoingtobedecidedbyyou,bywhatyoudoandbyhowyouperformthetasks.Asaresultofthisarrangement,differentclasseswillhavedifferenttasksorcontents.Assignmentsmustbesubmittedtoadesignatede-mailaddresswheretheywillberecordedandchecked.Aspecialexercise-bookandcomputerworkarenecessary.Thefinalexamisbasedonwhatwehavedoneinclass,andthefinalevaluationisbasedonattendance,classroomparticipation,assignmentandfinalexam.Ihopeallofyouwillhaveawonderfulandfruitfultimeinthenextfourmonthsbeingwithme.IhopeyouwillfindasuccessfulapproachtoEnglishwriting.Last,I’dliketoaskforyourunderstandingandtoleranceformylackofpersonalattention,forIamoverloadedwith22periodsaweekandmorethan1000studentstobeattendedinwriting.A、应试要点一写文章摘要，最忌讳逐字逐句地翻译汉语原文中的一些句子。不幸的是，许多考生往往这么做，尤其喜欢翻译第一句，这是因为他们不得写文章摘要的要领。在英语写作水平还没有到达高级程度的情况下，死译的结果就是写出来的东西错误百出，让人不忍卒读。由于时间和英语水平的限制，许多考生翻译的句子往往是东一句西一句，写出来的摘要没有逻辑，杂乱无章，成绩自然不会好。写好摘要的要点是：1.文摘写作成功的关键的第一点。总结出原文的中心思想。拿到原文，不要马上动笔，要用5――10分钟对原文进行再加工。这点非常重要，考生千万要记住。首先，看看阐述的是什么事物或事情，也就是文章的主题。看看是说明或描写事物的客观性质、作用、特征、前因后果、过程、意义、及方法，还是表明对事物的主观看法与态度。这样，找出作者的主要观点或论点。其次，看看作者是如何表达他的中心思想的，是描述、说明、比较、例证、定义、还是分类，并找出主要的论点。这里特别要注意的是，由于中文写作的散点思维的特点或者作者的思维素质，医学博士生英语入学考试所节选的中文文章，往往显得内容杂乱、观点不明，条理不清，很难总结。但无论如何，考生必须总结出一个条理大致清楚的、有若干主要论点支持的中心思想来。再加工是关键。在总结的过程中，考生可以将原文中的带有结论性的重要句子用笔划出来，帮助自己整理思想。近年来写作考试反映出来的考生的一个最大问题是，写出来的东西杂乱无章，东一句西一句，大大影响了考生作文的得分。记住，一定要使你写出来的摘要有一个明确中心思想，语句要连贯，有逻辑。2.文摘写作成功的关键的第二点。尽管时间很紧张，但还是最好写出一个粗略的非常简单的汉语提纲和中心思想，形式不拘。汉语提纲和中心思想必须简单。语言和思想都要简单，否则考生无法用简单的规范的英语表达出来。可以说，总结再加工就是简化。考生要时刻想象，你的短文的读者是小学三年级的学生，你写出的东西要让他们明白。做到这一点，考生要摆脱原文语句的影响和束缚，因为那