遗传资源相关传统知识法律保护制度研究

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上海交通大学硕士学位论文遗传资源相关传统知识法律保护制度研究姓名:王雯娜申请学位级别:硕士专业:环境与资源保护法指导教师:王曦20071223THERESEARCHONLEGALSYSTEMSOFGENETICRESOURCESRELATEDTRADITIONALKNOWLEDGEABSTRACTThediscussionsonlegalprotectionoftraditionalknowledgebecomethefocusofmanyinternationalforums,includingWTO,WIPOandalsoUNESCO,whichisduetotherisinginternationalstatusoftraditionalcommunitiesandtraditionalpeopleononehandandtherisingvalueoftraditionalknowledgeitselfontheotherhand.Thispapertook“geneticresourcesrelatedtraditionalknowledge”(GRRTK)astheresearchobjectontheconsiderationofthisspecialkindoftraditionalknowledgeregulatedbybothmultilateralenvironmentalagreements(MEA)andintellectualproperty(IP)systemwhichreflectstheconflictbetweendevelopedcountriesanddevelopingcountries.ThispaperclearlydefinestheconceptofGRRTKonthebasisofconceptsofgeneticresourcesandtraditionalknowledgerespectively.ThenitreviewsthesituationoflegalprotectiononGRRTKunderMEAandIPsystemanddeeplyanalyzesthenewlybornlegalprotectionsystemfromthepointofSuigenerissystem,uponwhichitseekstoprovidesuggestionsontheestablishmentandimprovementoflegalprotectionsystemontraditionalChinesemedicine.KEYWORDS:geneticresources,traditionalknowledge,suigenerissystem,priorinformedconsent,accessandbenefitsharing20071227;20071227200712281[1]19921//geneticdiversity[2]12ConventiononBiologicalDiversity,CBD1992150190[1]1[3][3]2Prunusafricana[4]WIPO3ConventiononBiologicalDiversity,CBDWIPO23WIPOWIPOWIPO19985199911Fact-FindingMissions,FFMS[5]123451200212312SeedocumentWIPO/GRTKF/IC/3/9,paragraph25.3SeedocumentWIPO/GRTKF/IC/3/9,paragraph25.4200224relevanttraditionalandlocaltechnology,knowledge,know-howandpractices5indigenousknowledge68jtraditionalknowledge,innovationsandpracticesWIPOWIPO200436584/TheUnitedNationsConventiontoCombatDesertificationinthoseCountriesExperiencingSeriousDroughtand/orDesertification,ParticularlyinAfrica519941826[1]WIPO8786[6][7]1[8]92[9]39741235,,,,1102108WHO80%[10]364305%15%[11]90%[12]1989farmer’srightsFAO113/4quinine111989255/89”Resolution5/89:Farmer’sRights”AnnexIIto“InternationalUndertakingonPlantGeneticResources”.9cocainePapaversomniferumcodeinemorphine21[uinblastinevincristine][taxol]IndigenousPeopleindigenouspeopleaborigineaborigine12aborigineMerriam-Websteraborigine131415invadingcolonizingindigenousMerriam-Websterindigenous1612://[13]1986[14]11114Smokebush[15][11]1717NeemTurmeric,BasmatiAyahuasca1213TRIPsTRIPsArt.272PCTPCTArt.15Art.33(1)(a)()()PCT332Art.33(1)(b)1818WIPOStandingCommitteeontheLawofPatents,SCP14319611212UPOV197211101978102319913191999423UPOV19783919201TruongSon[16]2192015[17]Escudero[18]TRIPs221Basmati[19]TRIPsArt.39Art.10bis116,,,,,NeemNeem1994EPOhydrophobicCorporationW.R.Grace211995199920005TurmericTurmeric1995UniversityofMississippiMedicalCentre22IndianCouncilofScientificandIndustrialResearchCSIRCSIRCSIR1953CSIR20028221436257EuropeanPatentNo.436257225401504USPatentNo.540150417323TRIPsArt.27(2)(b)orderpublicormoralitycase-by-caseimmorality[20]23181155publicdomain8j1910c5/16Accesstotraditionalknowledge,innovationsandpracticesofindigenousandlocalcommunitiesshouldbesubjecttopriorinformedconsentorpriorinformedapprovalfromtheholdersofsuchknowledge,innovationsandpractices24225Saramacamalone[21]3MutualAgreedTerms,MAT154716324DecisionV/16oftheFifthMeetingoftheConferenceofthePartiestotheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,Article8(j)andRelatedProvisions,Annex:ProgramofWork,I.GeneralPrinciples,inExecutiveSecretariatoftheConventionofBiologicalDiversity,ReportoftheFifthMeetingoftheConferenceofthePartiestotheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,UNEP/CBD/COP/5/23,22June2000,p.139.25391199617f20192[22]26()19791989255Resolution5/894/89Farmer’sRight200111189(1)(2)(3)27FAO26200081ii2791,,92:,,,:ab(c)211112[23]22022023223[24],2FAO10122320034[25](suigenerissystem)suigeneris[26](UPOV)1996(ECDirective96/9/EC)TRIPS273(a)(b)UPOV,ECDirective96/9/ECTRIPS2732428293031[27]282000229200216a15302000216vi312002102550503232118/20022002362633[28]……[29]utilitarianism18·1819331680“”“”27[30][30]34GoldCaulfield[31]34=17622007111028CBDAgruarunaSearleWTOWTOTRIPsCBDTRIPSCBDCBDCBD[32]WTOWTO35363536·(JohnRawls,1921-2002)201921194319501950-19521953-19591960-19621962-200281197129[33]37Rawls[34],Beitz[35]Pogge[36]3837://://datacenter.jrj.com.c

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