中菜与主食的翻译

中菜与主食的翻译饮食文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。源于历史的发展和地域的差别，我国形成了不同的菜系，大致有八大菜系，你们知道有哪些吗？鲁菜、川菜、粤菜、苏（淮扬）菜、闽菜、徽菜、湘菜、浙菜、（豫菜、京菜）等用英语怎么说？Eightregionalcuisines翻译时应遵循的原则一、准确、忠实原文；二、简洁；三、开门见山，点名菜肴的原料和烹调方法。我们先了解常见的一些烹调方法：中国菜的烹调方法有50多种，可归纳为以下几种：煮、煸、炖、煨、煲、焖、烧、炸、煎、炒、爆、扒、回锅、烘、烤、熏、蒸、白灼等。怎么翻译？Boil,stir-fry,simmer,stew,braise,fry,pan-fry,stir-fry,quick-fry,frysimmer,twice-cooked,bake,smoke,steam,scaldandsoon.中国菜刀工的翻译：切片、切丁、切碎、切丝、切柳、捣碎等Slice,dice,mince,shred,fillet,mashandsoon.去骨、脱壳、剥皮、刮鳞、腌制Bone,shell,skin,scale,pickle常用调味品seasoning的翻译：葱、姜、蒜、花椒、茴香、辣椒、芥末、咖喱、盐、糖、酱油、醋、料酒、味精、鸡精等Onionorspringonionorscallion,ginger,garlic,Chinese(wild)pepper,aniseed,hotpepper,mustard,curry,salt,sugar,soysauce,vinegar,ricewine,gourdpowder,granulatedchickenbouillon我们学习几种菜肴的翻译方法：一、烹调法+原料如果只有一种原料，就可以采取这种翻译方法煮花生豆boiledpeanuts炖牛肉stewedbeef煎鸡蛋friedeggs清蒸桂鱼steamedmandarinfish回锅肉twice-cookedpork二、原料+with+佐料如果有两种或两种以上的原料，通常使用这种方法，还可使用其它介词，如in。鱼香肉丝、豆豉桂鱼、海米白菜、椒盐排骨、黄焖大虾Shreddedporkwithgarlicsauce；mandarinfishinblackbeansauce；Chinesecabbagewithdriedshrimps;spareribswithpepperandsalt;braisedprawnsinricemine三、佐料+原料咖喱鸡、麻辣豆腐、怪味鸡、糖醋肉Currychicken,spicybeancurd,multi-flavoredchicken,sweetandsourpork四、意译法有些菜名没有直接点出菜肴的原料，而是另取一个好听吸引人的名字。在翻译这类菜名的时候，我们要舍去菜名里的喻意，直接将原料、烹调方法翻译出来。红烧狮子头braisedmeatballwithbrawnsauce发财好市blackmosscookedwithoysters龙虎凤大烩Thicksoupofsnake,catandchicken五、直译+释义法有些菜名由历史典故或民间故事流传而来，在翻译时可以先直译菜名，然后再补充说明其实际原料。狮子头全家福龙凤配叫花鸡过桥米线Lion’shead—porkmeatballHappyfamily—acombinationofshrimps,pork,beef,chicken,lobsterandmixedvegetableswithbrownsauceDragon&phoenix—twoseparatedishescharacterizethisdistinctiveplate.Ontheside,lobstermeatwithSichuanchilisauce,whichisinviting.Ontheotherishousespecialchicken,whichneverfailsindelighting.Beggar’schicken—there’slegendarystoryconnectedwithit.Longlongagotherewasabeggar.Onedayhestoleachickenandwaspursuedbytheowner.Hewasalmostcaughtwhenhesuddenlyhituponagoodidea.Hesmearedthechickenalloverwithclay,whichhefoundnearbyandthrewitintothefirehehadbuilttocookit.Afteralongwhile,thebeggarremovedthemud-coatedchickenfromthefire.Whenhecrackedopentheclayhefound,tohisastonishment,thattheclaytogetherwiththefeatherhadformedahardshellinwhichthechickenhadbeenbakedintoadeliciousdishwithwonderfulflavour.Thatnighthehadaveryenjoyablemeal.Hencethenameofthedish.“Crossthebridge”ricenoodle--Crossing-the-BridgeRiceNoodlesoriginatedfromMengziCountyinsouthYunnan,withahistoryofmorethan100years.Legendhasitthatascholarstudiedhardeveryday,preparingfortheimperialexamination.Hiswifeoftendeliveredricenoodlestohisstudy.FinallythescholarpassedtheexaminationandbecameNo.lScholar.Ashiswifemustcrossabridgewhendeliveringfoodtohim,thescholarnamedit“Crossingthe-BridgeRiceNoodles”,whichlaterbecameverypopular.我们下面了解一下其他一些菜肴和面食的翻译。栗子红烧肉，烩里脊丝，酱爆白肉，炒肉丝，芙蓉肉丝，鱼香肉丝braisedporkwithchestnuts,braisedtenderloinshreds,stir－friedporkwithsoybeanpast,stir－friedshreddedpork;stir－friedshreddedporkwithegg－whitesauce；stir－friedporkshredswithchilli/chilisauce冬瓜火腿stewedslicedhamwithwhitegourd冰糖蜜灸火腿stewedhamwithcrystalsugar炒猪肝stir－friedpig'sliver红烧蹄筋braisedporktendonswithsoysauce椒盐排骨friedporkribswithpeppersauce豉汁排骨friedspareribswithblackbeansauce糖醋排骨friedspareribswithsweetandsoursauce涮羊肉instantboiledslicedmutton;Mongol'shotpot;slicedmuttonrinsedinchafingdish烤羊肉roastmutton烤羊排roastmuttonchops烤羊肉串roastedmuttoncubesonspit炒羊肚friedlambtripe笋菇鸡丁stir－frieddicedchickenwithbambooshootsandmushrooms宫爆鸡丁stir－frieddicedchickenwithchilli/chilisauceandpeanuts果仁鸡丁stir－frieddicedchickenwithpeanut酱爆鸡丁stir－frieddicedchickenwithflourpaste;quick－frieddicedchickenwithsoybeanpaste辣子鸡丁stir－frieddicedchickenwithgreenpepper白扒燕窝braisedbird'snestwithwhitesauce蒸螃蟹steamedcrab蒸梭子蟹steamedseacrabs炒蟹肉stir－friedcrabmeat蟹肉豆腐stir－friedmincedcrabmeatwithbeancurd凉菜colddish拼盘assortedcoldfoods;horsd'oeuvres;assortedappetizers叉烧肉roastporkfillet白肉plainboiledpork酱猪肉braisedporkwithsoysauce;spicedpork酱肘子braisedporkshoulderwithsoysauce;spicedporkshoulder盐水大虾boiledprawnswithsalt;saltedprawns凉拌海带shreddedkelpwithsoysauce凉拌海蛰shreddedjelly－fishwithsoysauce小葱拌豆腐beancurdmixedwithchoppedgreenonion酱黄瓜pickledcucumberwithsoysau辣黄瓜pickledcucumberwithchilli/chilisauce泡菜pickles;pickledvegetables;sauerkraut朝鲜泡菜kimchi酱菜pickles;pickledvegetables面食的英文（flour-madefood）馒头，花卷，馅饼，烧饼，窝头，饺子，年糕,包子，馄饨Steamedbread(bun),steamedtwistedroll,friedmeatpie,bakedsesame-seedcake,steamedcornbread,jiaozi(dumpings),NewYearcakemadeofglutinousriceflour,steamedstuffedbun(steamedbunwithstuffing),wonton拉面，刀削面，米粉，肉丝面，炸酱面，烩面，凉拌面，猫耳朵hand-pullednoodles(stretchednoodles),slicednoodles,rice-flournoodles,noodleswithshreddedmeat,noodleswithsoybeanpaste,coldnoodleswithsauce,cat-earshapednoodles剔尖面，手擀面，油泼面，卤面，四川担担面，炒面Noodlesmadewithchopsticksandaplate;Handmadenoodles;Oil-sprinklednoodles;Noodleswithgravy；Noodleswithsesamepaste&peasprouts;friednoodles(chowmien)大米粥，小米稀饭，玉米粥，绿豆粥，元宵，油条，油饼，麻花，豆浆，胡辣汤Riceporridge,milletgruel,cornporridge,mungbeancongee,stuffeddumplingmadeofglutinousriceflourservedinsoup(ballmadeofglutinousr