采用BIM的法律风险探讨

LEGALASPECTSOFINTELLIGENTESTIMATINGANDBIMMechanicalContractorsAssociationofAmericaAnnualConventionScottsdale,ArizonaMarch2,20091:30–3:00P.M.LegalAspectsOfIntelligentEstimatingAndBIMPresentedfortheMechanicalContractorsAssociationofAmericabyKerryKesterWoods&AitkenLLPOmaha&Lincoln–[e-mail]gentEstimatingAndBIMObjectivesExposingthelegalrisksarisingfromBIMuseEvaluatingnewBIMagreementsfromAIAandConsensusDocsExaminingtheimpactofBIMonthefutureofprojectdeliverymethodsBuildingInformationModeling“BIMutilizescuttingedgedigitaltechnologytoestablishacomputablerepresentationofallthephysicalandfunctionalcharacteristicsofafacilityanditsrelatedproject/life-cycleinformation…”Source:NationalInstituteofBuildingSciencesCourtesyofPaulAudsley,NBBJCourtesyofPaulAudsley,NBBJNotWhether,ButHowBIMWillBeUsed?CADonSteroids?CollaborativeFramework?Courtesy:ABAForumontheConstructionIndustryHowardAshcraftHowWillBIMBeUsed?CADonSteroids?MoreEfficientDesignBetterDocumentsSomeITRiskCollaborativeFramework?MoreEfficientDesignMoreEfficientProjectBetterDesignBlurredResponsibilitiesUncertainLiabilitiesCourtesy:ABAForumontheConstructionIndustryHowardAshcraftWillBIMBeUsedWithinExistingSilosOfResponsibility?Courtesy:ABAForumontheConstructionIndustryHowardAshcraftOrInACollaborativeApproach?OwnerFacilitiesManagerConstructionManagerLightingDesignerStructuralEngineerArchitectCivilEngineerHVACSharedProjectModelArchitectStructuralEngineerHVACLightingDesignerConstructionManagerFacilitiesManagerOwnerCivilEngineerSharedProjectModelCourtesy:ABAForumontheConstructionIndustryHowardAshcraftFacilityDataThatCouldBeIncludedinBIMPlanningscenariosandsiteinformationArchitecturalprogramFloorplansSpacefunctionsClassifiedareas,vaultsetc.AreacalculationsVolumecalculationsEngineeringcalculationsSpecificationsContractdocumentsLegaldescriptionChangeordersSupportingdocumentationforlitigationShopdrawingsProcurementdocumentsProgressphotographsAlarmdiagramsWarrantydataInvoicesPurchaserequestsCostEstimatesOrganizationaloccupantsPersonnellistsSeatingplansHandicapdesignationNetworkdiagramsHazardousmaterialsOperatingmanualsMaintenancerecordsInspectionrecordsElectronic3DmodelSimulationsContinuationofoperationsplansDisasterRecoveryPlansContingencyplansFurnitureinventoryCourtesyofPaulAudsley,NBBJRisksAndLegalRamificationsOfBIMQuestionsThatUncoverRisksofBIMPurposeofModelUse?WhoisDoingtheModeling?DoModelsCauseChangeinDesign?DoesModelingChangetheDeliveredService?DoesModelingRequireAdditionalCoordinationEfforts?HowdoModelsCommunicatewithEachOtherandisThereFriction?WhatLevelofRelianceisPermitted?TheREALRisksOfBIMTechnologyCapabilityInteroperabilityDataTranslationHardware/SoftwareLimitationsorErrorsDataMisuseCurrencyAdequacyTolerancesUnjustifiedRelianceonInformationTheREALRisksOfBIMITRisksCasualtyLossesStorageMediumErrorsandOmissionsConflictswith2DHardCopyModelManagementModelandDataSecurityUserandDataVerificationUnauthorizedUseofModelModelManagerStandardsLegalRamificationsOfBIMBlurringofResponsibilitiesPrivityandThird-PartyDesignRelianceContractorInvolvementinDesignProcess–SpearinSourcesofLegalLiabilityStandardofCareDesignerrelianceoninformationprovidedbyothersRelianceonthesoftwareUseorfailuretouseBIMSourcesofLegalLiabilityStandardofCare–“reasonable”not“perfection”BIMwillnotresultin“perfect”drawingsandchangeorderswillstillbeapartoftheconstructionworld.Ownerwillstillneedacontingencyforconstructioncoordinationissuesduringconstruction.Whatwillchangeisthewayprofessionalsjudgeeachother.The“reasonable”architectwillbeonethatisusingBIM.SourcesOfLegalLiabilityExpressContractualObligationsWarranty(PerformanceandDesign)OtherContractualAllocationofRisksImpliedContractualObligationsTheModelAsAContractDocumentKey:AgainstWhatStandardisPerformanceMeasured?PurposeandScopeofModelDefinedinContractAllParticipantsLinkedtoSameRequirementsRiskInCoordinationDrawingsPlanWarranties–TraditionalWhatDoesModelingChange?BIMContractDocumentsAIA-E202BasedonModelElementsIdentifiesExpectedLevelsofDevelopmentSpecifiesPermissibleUsesUsesTableAttachmentConsensusDocs301FocusonMaintainingSpearin/TraditionalRolesPrimaryFocusisPlanning–NotEstimatingMultipleModelsReliesonBIMExecutionPlanScopingTheBIMRequirementScopeofBIMModelingWorkfortheProjectScopeofandPartiesResponsibleforEachModelSchedulesforBIMDeliverablesPermissibleUsesofModelLimitationofLiabilityorRiskAllocationSelectionofStandardofCareScopingTheBIMRequirementScopeofBIMModelingWorkfortheProjectAIAE202-2008CONSENSUSDOCS301§4.3-ModelElementTableallowspartiestospecifythedesiredLODandModelElementAuthorforeachModelElement.OutlinedinBIMExecutionPlan–Article4ScopingTheBIMRequirementScopeofandPartiesResponsibleforEachModelAIAE202-2008CONSENSUSDOCS301Article3-FiveLevelsofDevelopment(“LOD”)LOD100–conceptualLOD200–approximategeometryLOD300–precisegeometryLOD400–fabricationLOD500–asbuilt§4.3-ModelElementTableallowspartiestospecifythedesir