搜索
1考博作文资料背诵版（考试后整理）第一部分：写作的基本类型1.体育类：competition,stamina,victory,glory,honor,achievement,dedication2.工作类:cooperation,commitment,devotion,talent,ability,3.环保类:environment,resources,ecologicalbalance,speciesextinction,4.传媒：electronicmedia,on-lineaddict,communication,5.老年人:elders,seniorcitizens,retiredpeople6.交通方式：meansoftransportation,publictransit,trafficjams,accidents7.娱乐：entertainment,diversion,recreation,leisureactivities,arelaxedlife8.教育：education,sustainabledevelopment9.文化:culture,convention,tradition,integrity,wisdom,intelligence,heritage第二部分基本策略第一个模板策略1:支持或者反对:There’sasolidreasonforthestatementthat重要/获益/有害/不获益次段：原因/举例:Clearly,asIcanseeit,主题词playsakeyrole（threatenstodomoreharmthangood）inoursociety,sowearesupposedtoemphasizeitsimportance(threat)inoureverydaylife.Onereasonisthatbydoingso,itispossibleforusto延伸and延伸.Theotherreason(example)isthatwearemorelikelyto延伸and延伸.Soitissafetosaythatthecentralposition(potentialthreat)of主题词cannotbeignored.三段：让步比较/建议整改：Somepeoplemightpointoutthat延伸，hencetheconclusionthat延伸.Evensuchpossibilityexists,itdoesn’truncountertothestatementthat第二段观点.Suchaconclusionmightbeconservative,butitismorerealistic,persuasiveandconvincing.四段：整改措施：Inthisissue,researchersandexpertsaresupposedtotakeconcretesteps:whateverapproachtheytake,afeedbackmechanismiscentralofallthings.Foranotherthing,journalistsareobligedtoremindpeopleofthecentralpositionof主题词andthepotentialharmof主题词.Asforthecitizens,itisimportantforthemtowatchoutforthemisconducts,extendingtheirhelpinghandsandfosterrationalvalues.Butthebestpolicyforthemistolearnself-control.修正了的第二个模板策略2：既不支持、也不反对：Tosimplifytheissuethatwhetherweshould…,onehastotaketwoaspectsintoconsiderationandgiveeachofthemdueattention,oneofthembeing名词,theotherbeing名词.次段：原因举例：Clearly,asIcanseeit,主题词playsakeyroleinoursociety,sowearesupposedtoemphasizeitsimportanceinoureverydaylife.Onereasonisthatbydoingso,itispossibleforusto延伸and延伸.Theotherreasonisthatwearemorelikelyto2延伸and延伸.Soitissafetosaythatthecentralpositionof主题词cannotbeignored.三段：平衡比较：Despitethestatementthat总结第二段，there’retwothingstonote.Onepossibility(example)isthat延伸.Theother(instance)isthat延伸.Somereadersmightthinkthattheyareexceptions,buttheydoexistinoursocietyandequallydeserveourattention.四段：Tosumup,itcanbeconcludedthatwhile第三段观点，第二段观点.Suchaconclusionmightbeconservative,butitismoreconvincing,realisticandpersuasive.第三部分：第二段和第三段的写作思路1）重要有害要重视；2）挣钱省时担责任；3）方便快捷要安全；4）娱乐要注意健康；5）帮助别人成就自我；6）遵守法律和道德；7）发展兼顾文化环境第四部分延伸句写作延伸句的基本理念：There’re,ofcourse,fivegroundswithwhichapassageiscensured,thatis,itisimpossible,irrational,inconsistent,immoralandtechnicallyatfault.-Aristotle一篇文章受到质疑，共有五大原因：不可能、不合理、不一致、不道德、技术上有缺陷。-亚里斯多德写作经验1：尽量单点延伸，不要什么都说，沿着“态度-行为-结果-影响”模式展开。写作经验2：轻易不要吐露“利大于弊”这类说法，这样会带来更多的模板背诵。写作经验3：实证写作，二三段内容具体，最没有模板痕迹。写作经验4：注意以下题材：1）时尚、2）广告、3）环境Moneyisimportant,andthenmanypeoplegiveprioritytoitsrole.Bydoingso,they(always/sometimes/hardly/seldom)行为延伸workintheirsparetimeandmakegoodmoney.Foranotherthing,itispossibleforthemtopayfortheirlivingcost.延伸句写作的说法态度→行为→结果→影响一、挣钱物质（选三）(养老、兼职工作)1.benefitgreatly（little）from主题词becauseitsrewardishuge.可以从中获益，因为它的回报巨大2.obtain(purchase)somenecessitiessuchas(including)foodandclothes得到食品衣服3.beshelteredfrombadweatherordanger有地方住，能不受天气困扰，不受伤害4.Aseconomyimproves,morepeoplecanearnhandsomesalaryandobtainwell-paidpositions，enjoyapaidvacation.挣得丰厚的收入、得到好工作、享受带薪假期35.affordtheirlivingcostsuchashousing(roomrent房租),privatecars,tuitionfee,gas,carrepair,andmedicalcare:承受生活开销，例如买得起房（承受得起房租）车、上得起学、能修车（承受得起修车费）、能买油（承受得起油钱）、看得起病6.improvetheirlivingstandards改善生活水平，lead(live)aneasy,comfortableandpeacefullife过上舒适的生活，enjoytheirlateyears安享晚年7.tradeone’shonorfordirtymoney为钱失去尊严，breakacompany’s(national)rules违法乱纪，leakthebusinesssecretstothecompetitors不向竞争对手泄露商业机密，risktheirlivesformoney为了金钱铤而走险二、时间（选一）（娱乐、上网、专职兼职工作、疲劳驾驶、酒后驾驶）1.Theyoccupymuchtimethatshouldhavebeenspent(invested)ontheir(work)academicstudies占用很多本来应该花在学业上的时间2.stayuplateandneithersleepregularhoursnoreatsensibly熬夜、睡眠、饮食不规律3.Youngstersseldomconcentrateontheiracademicstudies学习精力不集中haveahardtimefinishingtheirassignment没有时间完成学业failtofollowupthecourses学习跟不上graduallylosetheirmotivationtopursuestudy失去学习兴趣getpoortestresults考试不及格4.indulgeincomputergames沉溺于电脑游戏，liveinaworldfulloffantasies生活在充满虚幻的世界里，escapefromreality逃避现实，feellonely,beisolatedfromreality感到孤独，脱离现实5.havelittletimetostaywiththeirfamiliesorsocialize没有时间和家人呆在一起6.eitheridletheirtimeorwastemuchmoney:耗费时间、浪费金钱，neithermakethemostoftheirsparetimenorearnenoughmoney既没有充分运用时间、也没有挣多少钱7.theyfeeldizzy，sufferfromheadache(backache),andhavedimsights头晕、头疼、视线模糊，becomedistractedandlessmotivated走神儿、萎靡不振、积极性不高，havelittletimetoreact没有时间反应三、责任（养老、公务员考试、反腐倡廉）1.Whenwe’reyoung,parentsbringhomebreadandbacon养家糊口(supportafamily),bringup(raise/nourish)thechildren养育子女Whenthey’reaging,weareobligedtotakecareofthem养老,respecttheeldersandlovetheyoung.尊老爱幼，setanexamplefortheyoungergeneration为年轻一代做出表率2.Theyareavoidingtheirdutiesandshiftthemtootherpeople.逃避责任，并把责任推卸给别人。3.keepsocialorder,维护社会秩序upholdsocialjustice,捍卫社会正义exposesocial4evils,揭露社会邪恶crackd