注射成型基本原理簡介注塑成型是一种注射兼模塑的成型的方法,又稱注射成型.是塑料成型加工最普通也是最早的成型方法.注塑過程包括預塑,計量,注射,充模,泠卻定型等過程,得到一定幾何形狀和精度的塑件制品.注塑工藝參數的選擇和調整及原料,模具,設備對制品質量將產生直接影響.目錄塑膠特性簡介成型基本原理成型常見不良及分析材料塑料(高分子)熱固性熱塑性工程通用無定型結晶性無定型結晶性PCABSMPPOPEIPPSPETPOMPAPMMAPSPVCPEPPInjectionMoldingPlastic塑料類型塑膠分子結構InjectionMoldingPlasticRaiseTemperatureofPolymerAddingheatincreasesspacebetweenmolecularchainsbutcrystallinestructurepreventsflow.ModelofCrystallinePolymersRigidSolidSoftSolidFlowsEasilyTGTMInjectionMoldingProcess固態難於流動較易流動InjectionMoldingProcessModelofAmorphousPolymersAddingHeatIncreasesSpace外热提供空间BetweenMolecularChains在分子链之间RaiseTemperatureofPolymerTGLocked固态EntanglementsStiffFlow难于流动EasierFlow较易流动InjectionMoldingVariablesMeltTemperature熔融温度35302520151050.030.060.090.120.150.180.210.240WallThicknessinInches壁厚(In)MeltFlow(in.)LEXAN?101550degF.101@600deg.FIncreasedMeltTemperatureyieldsincreasedFlow.提高熔融温度导致增加流动However,TooHighaMeltTemperatureMayCauseDegradation.但,过高熔融温度造成降解InjectionMoldingMaterialThermoplasticsandDegradation热塑性塑料和降解Degradation降解TemperatureTime时间InjectionMoldingBarrelUnitTheReciprocatingScrew(Filling)ThroatHeatingCoilsNozzleHopperBarrelForce,TorqueFromInjectionUnit料筒组件回转式螺杆喷嘴加热料斗加料口料筒来自注塑单元的力和力矩計量區熔融區加料區Screw螺杆InjectionMoldingBarrelUnitTheReciprocatingScrewScrewRotationFeedsandShearsMaterialIntoaMelt.MeltCollectsIntoFrontofBarrel,ForcingScrewBackShotRotationandBackPressure出量通过螺杆回转,熔体聚集于料筒前部,反作用力使螺杆后退。回转力矩和背压熔化混合InjectionMoldingEquipmentBarrelUnitTheReciprocatingScrewShotInjectionPressure注射压力流動射出在一定壓力,速度下熔體從噴嘴流道澆口型腔的充填成型過程InjectionFlow熔融流動InjectionMoldingProcessInjectionMoldingVariablesInjectionSpeed100010010100100010000LEXAN?141@644degFLEXAN?141@608degFLEXAN?141@572degFApparentViscosity(Pa/s)ShearRate(1/s)InjectionSpeedaffectstheviscosityofthemoltenmaterial.注射速度表观粘度剪切速率注射速度影响熔体粘度InjectionMoldingVariablesInjectionPressureProfileHydraulicPressureTimeFillTimeScrewRunTimeBackPressurePeakInjectionPressurePressureAppliedbyInjectionRamtoForcethePlasticFromtheBarreltotheMold.注射压力曲线注射压力峰值液压压力填充时间壓縮保壓保压PackingPressureCushion(3~5mm)缓冲垫BarrelUnitTheReciprocatingScrewInjectionMoldingEquipment模腔填滿塑膠后,繼續施加於模腔塑膠上的注射壓力.InjectionMoldingVariablesCushionCushion(3~5mm)Materialremaininginbarrelwhentheejectionphaseiscompleted.注过程结束后,残于料筒前端的熔体Theinjectionmoldingprocessshouldallowacushiontoprovidesufficientpackingpressureinthemold缓冲垫注过程必须要有缓冲垫以保证有效的保压缓冲垫InjectionMoldingvariablesBarrelUnitTheReciprocatingScrew冷卻固化加料產品冷卻固化而脫模后又不致於發生變形.InjectionMoldingProcessPartCoolingandSolidificationHotMeltCooledMoldSolidPart制件冷却和固化热熔体温度较低的模具固化的制件来源:机器•停机时间过长•机器长时间不用•未清干净料筒•喷嘴/止逆阀不良•不合适螺杆类型模具•在浇口和流道上有死角材料•塑胶粒中杂质•其它树脂降解•来自料筒壁面降解物•次料/受污染原料其它•生产/操作环境•注塑加工参数黑點(blackpoints)InjectionMoldingNonGoodParts診斷:•注射速度太快•浇口太小•浇口位置不當•浇口太长•模具过冷•料温过低•喷嘴有滴垂噴射痕(flowmarks)是熔融材料流動的痕跡,以澆口為中心而呈現的條紋模樣.InjectionMoldingNonGoodParts診斷:•產品脱模角度不夠•模具排氣不良•保压过大•顶针过少或太小•顶针粘住制品•頂針頂出力不平衡成型品脫模之際,因頂出銷的頂力或成型品倒鉤位之阻力,該部呈現白色痕跡.InjectionMoldingNonGoodParts頂白診斷:•不正确的进料•注射压力和速度过低•注射时间太短•止回阀有問題.•模具排气不良•模温过低•料温过低或料熔体粘度太高是熔融塑料未完全流遍成型空間(模穴的各個角落之現象.InjectionMoldingNonGoodParts充填不足(shotshort)診斷:•机器止回阀问题•注射速度过快•背压过大•模具排气不良•模溫過高•摩擦烧焦•检查澆口及主流道大小•塑膠原料降解成形品表面因材料過熱所致的變色及成型品的銳角部份或肋的前端等材料焦黑的現象.InjectionMoldingNonGoodParts燒焦(burnmarks)診斷:无足够的材料或较厚肋•注射压力过低•射胶时间太短•机器融胶能力不足•模温太高•浇口过小•流道过长•產品肋/壁厚比不當•浇口位置不當•模具排气不良成型品表面產生凹陷的現象.是體積收縮所致,通常見於肉厚部分,肋或凸出的背面,直接澆口肉厚不均的部份.InjectionMoldingNonGoodParts收縮(sinkmarks)診斷:•材料降解(料筒有热点,材料在喷嘴处有死角)•注射压力或速度过低或过高•背压过低•在浇口,机器喷嘴或热流道摩擦烧焦•料温过高•在塑胶粒中有污染•过多水分銀條是在成型品表面或表面附近,沿材料流動方向,呈現的銀白色條紋.InjectionMoldingNonGoodParts銀條(sliverstreaks)診斷:•注射压力太低•塑化太快•不正确进料•在料斗进料中夹带空气•模具排气不良•模温过低•熔料过热•止回阀功能不足够熔融塑料中有水份,揮發性氣體於成型過程進入成型品部而殘留的空洞現象.InjectionMoldingNonGoodParts氣泡(bubbles&voids)謝謝!!!