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Passage29•TheCompanionshipofaPoem•byBillyCollins•BillyCollins(bornMarch22,1941)isanAmericanpoet.HeservedtwotermsasthePoetLaureateoftheUnitedStatesfrom2001to2003.Inhishomestate,CollinswasselectedastheNewYorkStatePoetfor2004.•HewonBestAmericanPoetrytwicefortwoofhisbooks,oncein1992andoncein1993.HewontheBessHokinawardin1992,andfinally,mostrecentlywasnamedUSPoetLaureatein2001.Thisawardisoneofthegreatest,ifnotthegreatest,awardsreceivedbyapoet.•APoetLaureate(桂冠诗人)isapoetofficiallyappointedbyagovernmentandisoftenexpectedtocomposepoemsforStateoccasionsandothergovernmentevents.Thepluralformispoetslaureate.•InEngland,thetermhasforcenturiesbeenthetitleoftheofficialpoetofthemonarch（君主）,appointedforlifesincethetimeofCharlesII.•InancientGreecethelaurel(月桂树）wassacredto（祭祀）thegodApollo,andwasusedtoformacrownorwreath（/riːθ/花环）ofhonorforpoetsandheroes.Thiscustomhassincebecomewidespread,bothinfactandasametaphor.ThewordlaureateorlaureatedthuscameinEnglishtosignifyeminence（卓越,显赫）orassociationwithglory.雷曼大学•LehmanCollegeisoneoftheconstituentcollegesoftheCityUniversityofNewYork,USA(纽约市立大学).Foundedin1931astheBronxcampusofHunterCollege,theschoolbecameanindependentcollegewithintheCityUniversityin1968.•ThecollegeisnamedafterHerbertLehman,aformerNewYorkgovernor,UnitedStatessenator,andphilanthropist.Itisapublic,comprehensive,coeducational（男女合校的）liberalartscollege(文科大学)withmorethan90undergraduateandgraduatedegreeprogramsandspecializations（专业）IDetailedlanguagePoints•1.DuringthethreedecadesthatIhavetaughtEnglishatLehmanCollege,I’vewitnessedsomedramaticandturbulentchanges.•witness:see.•dramatic:striking;effective惹人注目的•turbulent:wildorinsubordinate;•2.Themostdrasticchangewastheimplementationintheearly1970sofopenadmissionswhichradicallyalteredthemakeupofthestudentbodyandcalledforcrucialadjustmentsinthewaythatwe,thefaculty,taught.•Openadmissionsandremedial(补救的)education•DemandintheUnitedStatesforhighereducationrapidlygreweachdecadeafterWorldWarIIintothe1970s.TheincreaseddemandforlimitedcollegeslotshadtheeffectinNewYorkCityofincreasingthecompetitivenessofthecity'ssystemofhighereducation.Bytheendofthe1960s,admissiontoCUNY'sflagshipCityCollegehadbecomehighlycompetitive.•slot:anopportunityforsb/sth••Towardtheendofthe1960sCUNY’sBoardofTrustees,influencedbythecivilrightsmovement,implementedaground-breakingnewadmissionspolicy.ThedoorstoCUNYwereopenedwidetoallthosedemandingentrance,assuringallhighschoolgraduates,despitepossibleinadequaciesofpreparation,entrancetotheUniversity.Thispolicywasknownasopenadmissions.Remedialeducation,tosupplementthetrainingofunder-preparedstudents,becameasignificantpartofCUNY'sofferings.•Theeffectwasinstantaneousanddramatic.Whereas20,000freshmenhadmatriculatedinoneCUNYinstitutionoranotherin1969,morethan35,000showedupforregistrationinthefallof1970.Fortypercentofthesenewcomerstotheseniorcollegeswereopen-admissionsstudents.TheproportionofblackandHispanicstudentsintheenteringclassnearlytripled.•Facingafiscalcrisisin1975,theCityimposedtuitiononCUNYinthatyear.Middle-classstudentswhohadflockedtoCUNYbecauseitofferedacost-freealternativetothestateuniversityoraprivatecollegenolongerhadareasontopreferit.TheirenrollmentatCUNYdroppedprecipitouslyandCUNYfaceddeclinesinenrollmentthroughthe1980sandintothe1990s.•Theendofopenadmissions•CUNY'sprestigealsodeclinedinthe1970sand1980s.Underanewchancellor,MatthewGoldstein,andfacingpressurefromMayorRudolphGiuliani,CUNYendeditsopenadmissionspolicytotheUniversity'sfour-yearcollegesin1999.•3.Thatchangehelpedmediscoverthattherewasaplaceforpoetryeveninthemostbasiccompositioncourses,whichfurtherledmetoseethebroaderconnectionsbetweenpoetryandlearning.•4.Whenwereadapoem,weentertheconsciousnessofanother.Itrequiresthatweloosensomeofourfixednotionsinordertoaccommodateanotherpointofview----whichisamodelofthekindofintellectualopennessandconceptualsympathythataliberaleducationseekstoencourage.•accommodate:toadjustorbecomeadjusted;adapt•5.Tofollowtheconnectionsinametaphoristomakeamentalleap,toexerciseanimaginativeagility.•agility:thegracefulnessofapersonoranimalthatisquickandnimble敏捷,机敏•6.Flyingakite,say,cansuddenlybeseenasakindofupside-down(颠倒的)fishing;aflockof(一群)blackbirds（画眉、燕八哥等雄鸟遍体黑色的）黑鸟mayriseuplikeahandfulofthrown,blackconfetti.•7.Otherparallelsbetweenpoetryandlearninghavealsointriguedme,includingthosethatrelatetospeed.•parallel:adj.corresponding;similar•n.anexactlikeness•drawaparallelbetween...在...之间作比较•intrigue:tomakeinterestedorcurious•8.Itisnoaccidentthatprobablythebest-knownpoembyanAmericanpoetisRobertFrost’s“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”,apoemabouttheneedtoslowdownand,eventuallystopinourtracks.•Itisnoaccidentthat:绝非偶然StoppingByWoodsOnASnowyEveningby弗罗斯特(RobertFrost)(1874-1963)•WhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillagethough;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.•雪夜林畔小驻－余光中译•想来我认识这座森林，林主的庄宅就在邻村,却不会见我在此驻马，看他林中积雪的美景。•MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.•我的小马一定颇惊讶：四望不见有什么农家，偏是一年最暗的黄昏，寒林和冰湖之间停下。•Hegi