健康城市中绿色基础设施的作用

TheRoleofGreenInfrastructureinHealthyCities健康城市中绿色基础设施的作用ProfessorSimonBeechamProVice-ChancellorDivisionofInformationTechnology,[e-mail]nalConferenceonGreenInfrastructureandResilientCities15-19March2016,Shenzhen,ChinaPresentationOverview主要内容SingleSystemsIntegratedSystems综合设施UrbanVegetationWaterRequirements城市植被需水量MappingofGIFull-,medium-andsmall-scalegreenroofsFertilisedandunfertilisedIrrigatedandnon-irrigatedPropertyscaleStreetscalePrecinctscaleWaterdemandestimationFit-for-purposewatersupplyRemotesensingorurbanvegetationwaterrequirementsMappingoffunctionalsurfaces物业规模街道规模社区规模遥感或城市植被需水量功能区域规划需水量估算不同用途供水整体的、中小规模的绿色屋顶施肥和不施肥灌溉和不灌溉绿色基础规划单独设施Greenroofs绿色屋顶Intensive厚屋顶Semi-intensive中厚屋顶Extensive薄屋顶60-80mm80-200mm200mmormoreSource:–FullScaleANZHouse1–Stormwaterquality2–Stormwaterquantity3–Thermalperformance4–PlantperformanceExp2–MediumScaleUniSA1–Stormwaterquality2–Stormwaterquantity3–Thermalperformance4–PlantperformanceExp3–SmallScaleUniSA1–Stormwaterquality2–Stormwaterquantity3–Thermalperformance4–Plantperformance5–WaterbalancemodelDevelopingResilientGreenRoofsforAdelaide开发阿德莱德具有回复能力的绿色屋顶June2011-June2012Dec2011-Feb2014Oct2012-Oct2013Site1-ANZHouserooflayout场地1-ANZ大楼屋顶布置•2Intensive(4.5m×3.0m)×300mm2个厚屋顶•2extensive(4.5m×3.0m)×100mm2个薄屋顶•and2controlroofs(54m2)2个控制屋顶AsphaltRoofAluminiumRoofGR1GR2GR3GR4‘3-Dianellacaerula'Breeze‘4-MyoporumparvifofiumBuildingHeight1WestpacHouse132m2TelstraHouse104m3GrenfellCentre103m4ANZHouse99m2Depths(100and300mm)Length=4.5mM1Crushedredbrick,scoria,coirfibreandcompostedorganics.M2Scoria-compostedpinebark-HydrocellflakesDripIrrigationsystems+Rootbarrier+Drainagelayer+Insulationlayer1.Whataretheeffectsofintensiveandextensivegreenroofsystemsonstormwaterqualityandwhatarethepossiblereuseoptionsfortheoutflowwaterfromgreenroofsystem?051015202530354013-Nov-1108-Dec-1102-Jan-1227-Jan-1221-Feb-1217-Mar-1211-Apr-1206-May-1231-May-1225-Jun-12AdelaideRainfallforwetdays(Rain2mm),mmCollectedSamplesRainfall&DateAdelaideRainfall(Nov2011-Jun2012)-mm/dayRainfallDepth(mm)Samplingevents降雨量1SamplestakenfromintensiveroofsSamplestakenfromextensiveroofsSampletakenfromAluminiumroofSampletakenfromAluminiumroof厚屋顶水样薄屋顶水样铝板屋顶水样ResultsforExperiment1实验1结果Generally,extensiveroofsperformedbetterthanintensivesystems厚屋顶效果较薄屋顶好Manyofthepollutantsdetectedinexperiment1werelargelysourcedfromtheappliedfertilizer,leachingofthesubstrateconstituentsandalsocomplementarysummerirrigationwithmunicipalwater在实验1中检出的许多污染物主要来源于施肥，从介质层渗出，部分来源于夏季市政灌溉用水Intermsofthepotentialforrecyclingofoutflowwaterfromgreenroofs,currentstandardsindicatethatsuchwatercanbereusedforurbanlandscapeirrigationandfornon-potablepurposessuchastoiletflushing绿色屋顶净化后的水可以用于灌溉用水和冲洗厕所Exp2-MawsonLakesCampus(medium-scale)场地2-案例2：Mawson湖校区（中等规模）Howaretheplantgrowthandsurvivalratesingreenroofsaffectedbymediadepth,growingmediatypeandirrigationscenarios?介质厚度、类型和灌溉方案如何影响绿色屋顶的植物生长和存活率？Towhatextentcanintensiveandextensivegreenroofspotentiallymitigateurbanheatislandeffects,andhowcandifferentscenariosofaddinggreenroofstoatypicalAdelaideurbanenvironmentreduceurbantemperatures?薄屋顶和厚屋顶减轻城市热岛效应到什么程度？什么样的绿色屋顶组合可以降低阿德莱德市的温度？Whatisthehydrologicalbehaviourofextensiveandintensivegreenroofsinadryclimate?在干燥的气候中，薄屋顶和厚屋顶的水文特性是怎样呢？CRBmethod-2Scenariosofwatering完全随机分区方法：2种浇灌方案100%100%87.5%50%50%75%100%75%Plantheightandsurvival株高与存活天数Uni-variateTwo-wayANOVAeffectofwateringregimeandgrowingmedia单变量双向方差分析灌溉和生长介质的影响PlantspeciesDie-offTotalplantsSurvivedDianellacaerula'Breeze'41675%Lomandralongifolia'Tanika'71656%Myoporumparvifofium21687%Carpobrotusrossii016100%Totalsurvived(%)136480%Plantsucculenceandsurvival植物肉质量与存活天数CAM(CrassulaceanAcidMetabolism)HighwateruseefficiencyC3plantsMonitoredrainfallevents监测的降雨事件226rainfalleventswererecorded16significantevents记录到226场降雨，其中有16场大的降雨Greenroofhydrology绿色屋顶水文1.Theaverageretentionwas74%fromextensiveand89%fromintensiveroofs薄屋顶和厚屋顶的之流能力分别是74%和89%2.Anaverageattenuationtimeofalmost3hourswasobservedinextensiveroofsandthecorrespondingattenuationwasupto17hoursinintensiveroofsbode薄屋顶滞留时间约3h，厚屋顶滞留时间高达17h40%peakreductionExp3(small-scale)场地2—案例3（小规模）3.WhataretheeffectsoffourelementsofgreenroofsnamelySlope,Depth,MediaandSpeciesandtheirpossibleinteractionsintermsofplantgrowthresponsesinadryclimateandwhatcombinationofSlope,Depth,MediaandSpeciesproducetheoptimumperformance?干燥的气候下绿色屋顶的坡度、深度、介质、物种和它们的相互作用的影响如何？什么样组合可以产生最佳性能？4.Whatisthestormwaterqualityandquantityoftheoutflowfromnon-fertilised,lowcost,small-scalegreenroofsystemsandwhataretheeffectsofvegetationonstormwaterqualityandquantity?从非施肥、低成本、小规模的绿色屋顶暴雨径流水质和径流量如何？暴雨径流水质和径流量对植被的影响怎样？Experimentaldesign(split-splitplots)实验设计（分体式图）DependentvariablesPlantspecies:3levelsSlope:2levels(1,25)Depth:2levelsMediatype:3levelsTotally:2×2×3×3=36con