英语语法复习名词名词表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。名词的定义和分类名词的种类专有名词:普通名词:可数:不可数:个体名词nurse,house,horse,apple,pen集体名词people,family,class,trousers物质名词:water,paper,air,milk抽象名词:work,housework,homework,information,news,weather专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写,人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。如:YaoMing,China,March,NewYear’sDay等。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量,也没有复数形式。名词的单数形式一般可用a来修饰acarabookauniversity在元音发音开头的单词前用ananelephantanappleaneraseranhouranhonestboyaninterestingbook.请注意:ausefulthinganunusualthing名词的复数形式1.复数形式的构成方法(1)一般在复数名词后加“s”dog–dogs(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”boxeswatchesbusesbrushes(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”country–countriesfactory–factories如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词则只须加“s”boy–boysmonkey–monkeys(4)以o结尾的名词加“s”radio–radioszoo–zoos只有potato,tomato和hero加“es”构成复数potato–potatoestomato–tomatoes(5)以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加“es”half–halvesshelf–shelvesknife–knivesleaf–leaves(6)可数名词的不规则变化。如:man→menwoman→womentooth→teethfoot→feetchild→childrenFrenchman→Frenchmen•(1)小马虎弹着钢琴(piano)听着收音机(radio),又到动物园(zoo)照了张相(photo),但考试得了个大鸡蛋(零分zero),一律加s。•(2)黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)西红柿(tomato),全部加es。(7)单复数形式相同的名词:如:sheep→sheepfish→fish;Chinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese(8)有些名词无单数形式。如:people(作“人们”解时)policeclothes.(9)pants,shorts,glasses(眼镜)只用复数形式。(10)由man,woman构成的合成名词,变复数时将名词及man,woman都变成复数。如:mandriver→mendriverswomanteacher→womenteachers但其他合成名词,只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如:abananatree→bananatreesashoefactory→shoefactories不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如:water,rice,fish,meat等。另外还有:worktimemusicmoneyweatherhomeworkwoodInformationnewsmedicine1.不可数名词无复数形式,作主语时常看成单数盘子里有一些面包。Thereissomebreadontheplate.没有消息就是好消息。Nonewsisgoodnews.2.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等来修饰不可数名词他每天花很多时间玩电脑游戏。Hespendsmuchtimeinplayingcomputergameseveryday.迈克在家几乎不做家务。Mikedoeslittlehouseworkathome.3.常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of前面的名词上,而of后始终是单数Thereisapieceofpaperinthebook.Wewantthreeglassesoforange.注意:可数名词也可用量来表示,of后用复数Therearetwobagsofeggsinthebasket.桌子上有一张纸。我们想要三杯橙汁。篮子里有两袋鸡蛋。4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化,同一个词,但意思不同(1)glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)–apaper(报纸)work(工作)–awork(著作)room(空间)–aroom(房间)(2)fruit(水果)–fruits(各种水果)fish(鱼)–fishes(各种鱼)time(时间)–times(时代)名词的一般用法---名词做定语1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数Iplantedtwoappletreesyesterday.2.manwoman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致Thisprimaryschoolneedsamanteacher.Thereareovereightywomenteachersinourschool.昨天我种了两棵苹果树。这间小学需要一位男老师。在我们学校有八十多位女教师。3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式Inourschool,therewillbeasportsmeetingnextmonth.IbuyaT-shirtatthatclothesshop4.当数词与单位名词一起做定语时,单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接Mr.Wanghasaneleven-year-oldson.我们学校下个月有一个运动会。我在那间服装店买了一件T恤衫。王先生有一人11岁大的儿子。名词做主语时,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。这附近她的家是一个大家庭。Herfamilyisalargeoneinourneighborhood.安的家人都是老师。Ann’sfamilyareallteachers.桌上有一副眼镜Thereisapairofglassesonthedesk.•bird--lady—•orange--ruler--•cat--boy--girl—•case--wife--watch—•tree--key--question—•friend—photo--card--•family--dictionary—birdsladiesorangesrulerscatsboysgirlscaseswiveswatchestreeskeysquestionsfriendsfamiliesdictionariesphotoscards(1)—Howmany____doyouwant?—Akilo,please.A.bananasB.meatC.breadD.milk(2)—Takingawalkintheeveningisagood____.—Soitis,itkeepushealthy.A.ruleB.hobbyC.habitD.favor(3)Thesepeoplearefrom_______.Theyare_______.A.Germany;GermenB.German;GermanyC.Germany;GermaniesD.Germany;Germans(4)Wouldyoupassme______?Iwanttowritealetter.A.apaperB.apieceofpaperC.twopaperD.twopieceofpaperACDBChoosethebestanswers.(5)________mothersbothworkinthishospital.A.JimandBill'sB.Jim'sandBill'sC.JimandBillD.Jim'sandBill(6)InChina,September10this________.A.Teacher'sDayB.TeachersDayC.TeacherDayD.Teachers’Day(7)Excuseme,whereisthe________?A.men‘srestroomB.mens'restroomC.men‘srestroomsD.menrestrooms(8)Thepostofficeisalittlefarfromhere.It'sabout_____.A.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalkC.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk(9)MissYanisafriendof______.A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.mother‘sofMaryD.MarymothersBDACA