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[学科]中医①traditionalChinesemedicine②traditionalChinesephysician①中医学的简称。②本学科专业职业队伍。中药Chinesemateriamedica在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。中医学traditionalChinesemedicine以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。中药学Chinesemateriamedica中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。中医药traditionalChinesemedicineandpharmacology本草：Materiamedica中药：Chinesemateriamedica，Chinesemedicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等）中草药：ChineseHerbalMedicine,Chinesemedicinalherbs中药学：Chinesepharmaceutics药材：Medicinalsubstance(material)中西医结合integrationoftraditionalandwesternmedicine中医基础理论basictheoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine中医诊断学diagnosticsoftraditionalChinesemedicine方剂学prescriptionsofChinesemateriamedica，TraditionalChineseMedicalFormulae/prescriptions中医内科学internalmedicineoftraditionalChinesemedicine[阴阳]TheTheoryofYinandYang阴阳对立：Oppositionofyinandyang阴阳制约：Restrictionof/betweenyinandyang阴阳互根：Interdependenceofyinandyang阴阳消长：Waxingandwaningofyinandyang阴阳转化：Inter-transformationofyinandyang[五行学说]TheTheoryofFiveElements五行：water，fire，wood，metal，soil生：promote,generate,engender克：act,restrict,restrain乘：overact,over-restrict,over-restrain,subjugate,overwhelm侮：counteract,counter-restrict,counter-restrain,rebel[整体观念]conceptoforganicwholeness辩证法dialectics生长化收藏sprouting,growth，transformation，ripening，storage内外环境统一性theunitybetweentheinternalandexternalenvironments机体自身整体性theintegrityofthebodyitself古代唯物论和辩证法classicChinesematerialismanddialectics矛盾统一thecontradictoryunity互相联系、相互影响relatedtoeachotherandinfluenceeachother标本Biao(secondaryaspect)andBen(primaryaspect)本质与现象natureandphenomena矛盾的普遍性和特殊性universalityandspecialityofcontradictions寒者热之Colddiseaseshouldbetreatedbywarmtherapy热者寒之warmdiseaseshouldbetreatedbycoldtherapy虚者补之deficiencysyndromeshouldbetreatedbytonifyingtherapy实者泻之excesssyndromeshouldbetreatedbypurgationtherapy治病必求其本Treatmentofdiseasesmustconcentrateontherootcause同病异治treatmentofthesamediseasewithdifferenttherapeuticmethods异病同治treatmentofdifferentdiseaseswiththesametherapeuticmethod[精气神]清阳为天ThelucidYangascendstoformtheheaven浊阴为地TheturbidYindescendstoconstitutetheearth气化Qitransformation升降出入ascending,descending,goingout,comingin出入废则神机化灭，升降息则气立孤危。Iftheactivitiesofgoingoutandcomingintostop,thetransformingmechanismofShen(Spirit)willbedamaged;iftheactivitiesofascendinganddescendingstop,Qiwillbeimmediatelyisolatedandendangered.精气Jingqi(Essential-Qi)先天之精prenatalessence后天之精postnatalessence神Shen(spirit)形神学说thetheoryofbodyandspirit形与神俱thebodyandtheShen(Spirit)existsimultaneously形神统一theunitybetweenthebodyandtheShen(Spirit)[治则]病邪pathogenicfactors正气存内，邪不可干。SufficientHealthy-Qiinsidethebodywillpreventinvasionofpathogenicfactors.邪之所凑，其气必虚。TheregionwherepathogenicfactorsinvadesmustbedeficientinQi.顺四时而适寒暑，和喜怒而安居处Abidancetothechangesofthefourseasons,activeadapationtocoldandheat,harmonyofemotionalchangesandpeacefulliving.养生防病，延年益寿cultivatinghealth,preventingdiseaseandprolonginglife[气血津液]气化qitransformation气机qimovement元气（原气）primordial(yuanqi)真气genuineqi(zhenqi)宗气pectoralqi(zongqi)营气nutritiveqi(yingqi)卫气defensiveqi(weiai)气的推动功能promotingactionofQi气的温煦功能warmingactionofQi气的防御功能defendingactionofQi气的固摄功能controllingactionofQi气的气化功能actionofQiTransformation[血]水谷精微cerealessence营气和津液nutrientqiandbodyfluid营养和滋润nourishingandmoistening血主濡之。Bloodisresponsiblefornurturingbody.中焦受气取汁，变化而赤，是谓血。Themiddleenergizerreceivesqi,takesthejuiceandtransformsintoredliquidcalledblood.血虚blooddeficiency/asthenia血瘀bloodstasis/stagnation血热blood-heat血寒blood-cold出血hemorrhage[津液]津液Bodyfluid/JinandYe稠厚度thickness成分，功能，分布property,function,distribution分泌物secreta胆汁、肠液、鼻涕、眼泪、汗液、尿液gastricjuice,intestinaljuice,nasaldischarge,tears,sweat,urine形成formation分布distribution排泄excretion脾的传输transmittingofthespleen肺的宣降dispersinganddescengingofthelung肾的蒸腾气化steamingandtransformingofthekidney三焦为通道thetripleenergizerserveasthepassage-way饮入于胃，游溢精气，上输于脾，脾气散精，上归于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱，水精四布，五经并行。Afterfoodandwaterhaveenteredthestomach,theyaredigestedandtransformedintofoodessenceandthen,transmittedupwardtothespleen,whichdispersestheessenceupwardtothelungandthelungregulateswaterpathwaysdownwardtotheurinarybladder.Andbydoingsobodyfluidisfinallydisseminatedtoallpartsofthebodyalongallthemeridiansandcollaterals.bodyfluidisformedfromfoodandwaterbydigestionandabsorptionofthestomach,separatingtheclarityfromtheturbidityofthesmallintestineandtramformationofthespleen;thedistributionandexcretionofbodyfluidareaccomplishedbythejointactionofmanyzang-fuorgan,suchasthetransformingfunctionofthespleen,thedispersinganddescendingfunctionofthelung,thesteamingandascendingfunctionofthekidney;andbodyfluidtakestripleenergizerasitspassagewayfordistributionandexcretion.(1)津液由胃中消化吸收、小肠进行分清别浊、脾运化的水谷中形成。(2)津液的分布和排泄由许多脏腑组织共同完成，如脾的运化功能、肺的宣发肃降功能、肾的蒸发沉降功能。(3)津液以三焦为通道进行分布和排泄。[藏象学说]TheTheoryofVisceralManifestations脏腑theinternalorgans,viscera.藏/脏solidorgans,viscera,depots,zangorgans,yinorgans府/腑holloworgans,bowels(theintestines),palaces,fuorgans,yangorgans五脏fiveviscera,fivezangorgans,theyinorgans六腑sixbowels,sixfuorgans,theyangorgans心，肝，脾，肺，肾heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney胆，胃，大肠，小肠，