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Unit8Isthereapostofficenearhere?一．重点单词和短语postoffice邮局gostraight沿着….直走policestation警察局turnright=turntotheright向右拐payphone投币式公用电话turnleft=turntotheleft向左转ontheFifthAvenue在第五大街goalong=walkalong=godown沿着……走acrossfrom在….对面onone’sleft在某人的左边nextto紧靠…ontheright在右边between…and….在…和…之间atthefirstcrossing在第一个十字路口infrontof在…前面welcometo…欢迎到…..intheneighborhood在附近ahousewithabeautifulgarden一个带漂亮花园的nearhere在这附近enjoyreading享受阅读takeawalk=haveawalk散步looklike看起来takeataxi乘出租车haveagoodtrip旅途愉快thewayto…去….的路上havefun玩到开心二．重点单词和短语1.Therebe句型(1)结构：Therebe+sb./sth.+地点表示“在某地有某人或某物”（there是引导词，没有词义；be是谓语动词；某人/物是主语，地点作状语，多为介词短语）E.g.Thereisabankintheneighborhood.(2)Therebe句型的谓语动词be在人称和数上应以后面的第一个名词保持一致。▲如果后面的名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用is.E.g.Thereissomesaladonthetable.▲如果后面的名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用are.E.g.Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.▲如果Therebe句型中有多个名词，be动词通常与第一个名词保持人称和数的一致。E.g.Thereisaboyandtwogirlsintheroom.Therearetwogirlsandaboyintheroom.(3)Therebe句型的一般疑问句：将be动词提到句首。→Arethereanystudentsintheclassroom?肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.否定回答：No,thereisn’t/aren’t.E.g.—Isthereabanknearhere?—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.(4)Therebe句型的否定句：在be后加notE.g.Thereisapostofficenearhear.→Thereisn’tapostofficenearhear.(5)Therebe句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（组）+be+there+其他E.g.Therearethreepensinmyschoolbag.(请对划线部分进行提问).→Howmanypensarethereinyourschoolbag?【拓展】therebe和have都表示“有...”，但有所区别：①含义不同。therebe结构表示的是“某地有某物/人”，强调“存在关系”；have则表示“某人/某物所有”，强调“所属关系”。E.g.Thereisabusinourfactory.Ourfactoryhasabus.②句型不同。therebe结构的句型为“Therebe+某物/某人+某地”，否定句是把not放在be之后，疑问句是把be提到句首；have句型为“某人/某物+have/has+某物/某人”，否定句通常是在have前加don’t(has前加doesn’t)，疑问句是在句首加do（第三人称单数加does）。E.g.Thereisn’tacatunderthechair.Shedoesn’thavetwobrothers.③用thereis或thereare还是用have或has均取决于句子的主语。但therebe句型里有两个或多个并列主语时，be习惯上和最靠近的那个在数上保持一致。E.g.Thereisabikeunderthetree.Therearesomebikesunderthetree.Thereisanappleandtwoorangesonthetable.Youhaveanewbook./Youhavesomenewbooks.Hehasanewbook./Hehavesomenewbooks.④当表示某物的构成和组成部分时，用therebe和have均可。E.g.Ourschoolhastwentyclasses.(=Therearetwentyclassesinourschool.)2.acrossfrom意为“在……的对面”，后面接表示地点的名词或代词。E.g.Weliveacrossfromthestreet.Thereisabankacrossfromthelibrary.表示“在……的对面”的短语还有：①ontheothersideof...Thebusstopisontheothersideoftheriver.②beoppositeto...Thefruitshopisoppositethepostoffice.3、nextto表示“在...旁边；靠近；紧挨着”，后接表地点的名词或代词。E.g.Thepayphoneisnexttothelibrary.Thegardenisnexttomyhouse.【辨析】near也表示“在...旁边”，但与nextto有所区别：从空间上讲，near只表示“在...旁边；在...附近”而nextto有“紧挨着”之意；也就是说nextto比near靠的更近。试比较：E.g.PetersitsnexttoMike.PetersitsnearTom.4.【辨析】between和among▲between表示“在....中间”，常与and连接，构成短语between....and.....，指在两者之间E.g.IsitbetweenLucyandLily.▲among也表示“在....中间”，指在三者或三者以上的中间。E.g.Mybrotherisamongthoseboys.5.【辨析】infrontof/inthefrontof都表示“在...前面”infrontof指在物体外部的前面Thereisabankinfrontofthehospitalinthefrontof指在物体内部的前面Theteacher’sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.6.cross动词表示“横过；越过”E.g.Hehastocrosstherivertoschool.across介词表示“横过；穿过”E.g.Hehastowalkacrosstherivertoschool.Through介词，表示“（从中间）穿过”E.g.gothroughtheforest/park注：across表示从一定范围的一边另一边,动作在物体表面进行。E.g.go/walkacrosstheroad/bridge/street7.spend动词，表示“花（时间、金钱）”①spend…onsth.（名词）“在某事或某物上花费金钱或时间”E.g.Iusuallyspendonehouronmyhomework.Lindaspendstenyuanonthisbook.②spend…(in)doingsth.“花费金钱或时间做某事”E.g.Iusuallyspendonehour(in)doingmyhomework.Sheoftenspendstwentyminutes(in)walkingtoschool.8.pay动词，表示“付钱；付费；付款”（过去式为paid）①payfor+物“付钱买某物”E.g.Hepaidforthebooks.②pay+钱+for+物“付多少钱买某物”E.g.Hepaid200yuanforthebooks.③paysb.somemoneyforsth.E.g.Hepaidher20dollarsfortheshoes.9.see/watch/hearsb.doingsth.表示“看见/观看/听见某人正在做某事”E.g.Ilovetowatchthemonkeysclimbingaround.Ioftenhearsomegirlssingingintheclassroom.10.Togettothepark,youjusthavetocrossCenterStreet.togettothepark是目的状语前置，just起增强语气的作用，和此处的haveto表示“只要，仅需”。E.g.Togetagoodgrade,wemuststudyhard.11.enjoy动词，表示“享受；喜爱”→enjoyableadj.表示“高兴的”①enjoysth./sb.“喜欢某物/某人”E.g.Doyouenjoythisbook?②enjoydoingsth.“喜欢做某事”E.g.Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.③enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime表示“玩得高兴”E.g.Doyouenjoyyourselftoday?havefun(in)doingsth.“做某事很有乐趣”E.g.Wehavefun(in)learningandspeakingEnglish.12.easy形容词，表示“容易的”，用来修饰名词→反义词：difficult“困难的”→easily副词，“容易地；轻松地”，用来修饰动词E.g.Thequestionissoeasy.Youcangettothelibraryeasily.13.It’sone’sturntodosth.表示“轮到某人做某事”E.g.Itisourturntocleantheclassroom.→taketurnstodosth.表示“轮流去做某事”E.g.Taketurnstocleantheblackboard.14.thewayto+地点表示“去…的路”E.g.Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?15.ThengodownBridgeStreetandturnleftatNewPark.godown意为“往前走”。turnleft/right意为“向左/右拐”。在英语中表示“往前走”的短语还有go/walkup,go/walkdown,go/walkalong等。E.g.Turnrightandgostraightalongthisroad.三．重点句型（一）问路1)Excuseme,whereisthe….?2)Excuseme,istherea...nearhere?3)Excuseme,whichisthewayto...?4)Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto(去……的路)..?5)Excuseme,howcanIgetto...?6)Excuseme,canyoutellmehowIcangetto...?=Excuseme,canyoutellmehowtogetto...（二）提供问路信息时，可以说：（1）Goalong/down/upthisstreet/road.（2）Gostraightaheadandturnleftatthethirdtrafficlights.（3）Takethesecondturning/crossingontheright/left.=Turnleft/rightatthesecondturning/crossing.（4）Goonuntilyoureachtheend./Goalongthisroadtotheend.（5）You'llseethe…ontheright/left.（6）It'snexttothe…/infrontofthe…