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ModalVerbs•can/could•1.表示“能力”，此时could是can的过去式•与beableto的区别•can/could只表示有能力做某事•beableto表示有能力做并且确实做到了•2.表示惊异、怀疑、猜测（多用于否定句和疑问句中）•could/can此时表示语气强弱或可能性大小。•Howcanyoubesorude?•Michaelcan’tbeapoliceman,forheismuchtooshort.•3.表示“请求、许可”翻译成“可以”此时could语气更委婉。•Can/couldIuseyourcartomorrow?•Youcanborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.•4.有时会，偶尔会•ItcanbequitecoldinMay.•may/might•1.表示“请求、许可”，might语气更委婉，此时可与could/can互换•MayIaskyouforhelp?•2.may放到句首时表祝愿•Mayyousucceed!/MayGodblessyou!•3.表推测“也许、可能”•Hemaycomeheretomorrow.•maywelldo很可能•may/mightaswelldo最好，不妨•must•1.“必须”否定式：mustn’t不应该、不许可、不准、禁止•Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforetheclassisover.needn’t/don’thaveto“不必”•2.肯定式表示对现在或过去的推测，“一定”•mustbedoingsth./musthavedonesth.•Hemustbewaitingforusnow.•Hemusthaveseenthefilm.•3.“非得、偏要”（常用于疑问句/条件状语从句中）•MustIplaythepianoathome,mum?•Ifyoumustknow,hernameisLucy.•must与havetodo的区别:•must表示说话人的主观看法“必须”•havetodo表示客观上需要，不得不做某事，有人称、数和时态的变化。•shall•1.用在一、三人称疑问句中，表示向对方征求意见•Shallwebeginourclass?•Whenshallhebeabletoleavethehospital?•2.用在第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁。•Youshallbepunishedifyoukeeponcomingtoschoollate.•Heshallbefired.•3.根据某项协议规定“应该”•Youshallbringdownthepriceaccordingtotheagreement.•should/oughtto•1.表示责任或义务上“应该”•oughtto的语气更强should含有建议、劝告的意味。•2.should表推测“应该”•3.竟然•Ican’timaginethatheshouldbehavesorudelyattheparty.•4.万一(if条件从句中)Ifthecomputershouldbreakdown,we’llattheexpenses.•will/would•1.表示“请求、建议”would语气更委婉•Will/wouldyoupleaseopenthedoor?•Wouldyoupassmethebook?•2.表示意愿、意志和决心。此时would是will的过去式•Iwillneverdothatagain.•Hesaidhewouldhelpusoutoftrouble.•3.would表示过去经常发生或习惯性的动作，“总是”•Hewouldgoswimminginsummerwhenhelivedinthecountryside.•usedtodo过去常常…但现在已不再…•need/dare情态、实义动词•need必须、需要（常用于否定和疑问句中）•dare敢（常用语否定、疑问和条件句中）•needtodo/daretodo有人称、数和时态的变化•Idaresay…我敢说，我认为•情态动词+havedone表示推测和虚拟•1.musthavedone只用于肯定句中，表示对过去情况肯定的推测•2.shouldhavedone•_________________________________•_________________________________•3.shouldn’thavedone•__________________________________•__________________________________•4.can/couldhavedone•___________________________________•____________________________________表推测，过去应该做了某事表虚拟，过去本应该做某事而实际没有做表推测，过去不应该做了某事表虚拟，过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了表推测，过去可能做了某事表虚拟，过去本来有能力/能够做某事而没有做•5.can’t/couldn’thavedone•__________________________________•6.may/might(not)havedone•________________________________•_________________________________•7.needn’thavedone•_____________________________•didn’tneedtodo•wouldhavedone本来会去做表推测，过去不可能做过某事表推测，过去也许/或许(没)做了某事表虚拟，过去本可以/可能做某事而实际没有做本来没有必要做某事•1.Oneofthefewthingsyou_____sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.•A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can•2.Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which____justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.•A.shan’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’tDB•3.Hedidn’tregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathe______itdifferently.•A.couldexpress•B.wouldexpress•C.couldhaveexpressed•D.musthaveexpressed•4.------Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis？•------She______intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.•A.shallbeB.shouldn’thavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeenCC