57Unit4 A VIEW OF MOUNTAINS

AVIEWOFMOUNTAINSUnit4AVIEWOFMOUNTAINSUnit4Unit4Watchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.Questionsfordiscussion1.WhydidSallyRegenhardsaythat9/11was“ashatteringoffaith”?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundShebelievedinthesystem,andnowthatthesystemwasshatteredbytheterroristactivity,soshethoughttheeventisfaith-shattering.3000peoplewerekilled.Andthesurvivingfamilymembershadveryrighttoknowthetruthaboutthe9/11.Sothereneededtobeaninvestigation.2.WhydidCarolAshleythinkthattheremustbeaninvestigation?3.Whatdoyouknowaboutthe9/11attacksandwhatinfluenceshavetheeventsexert?Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundPre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement3AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundFromOnNativeSoilPoliceman:Policeman:EuniceHanson:SallyRegenhard:CarolAshley:MaxCleland:Moveback!Moveback!Moveit!Goback!Iknewwehadenemies,naturally,butIalwaysfeltprettysafehere.Inever,never,inamillionyearsdreamedthatanythinglikethiscouldhappentous.Webelievedinthesystemandyouknow,9/11wasashatteringoffaith.3000peoplewerekilled.Itwasamassmurder.Andthereneededtobeaninvestigation.Thesurvivingfamilymembers,nobodycandenythattheyhadtheultimateclaimtothetruthabout9/11.VideoScriptAudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundAViewofMountains•Whatdoesthetexttellyou?–IntroducingphotographsrecordingthedestructionofNagasakibytheatomicbomb–Thethreatofatomicbombsonhumansociety–Whatisthegreatestthreattotheexistenceofmankind?•weaponsofmassdestruction(nuclear,chemicalandbiologicalweapons),terrorism,war•environmentalpollution,virusanddisease,earthquakeAtomicbomborA-bombisaweaponderivingitsexplosiveforcefromthereleaseofatomicenergythroughthefission(splitting)ofheavynuclei.ThefirstatomicbombwasproducedatalaboratoryinLosAlamos,NewMexico,andsuccessfullytestedonJuly16,1945.ThiswastheculminationofalargeU.S.armyprogramthatwaspartoftheManhattanProject.Itbeganin1940,twoyearsaftertheGermanscientistsOttoHahnandFritzStrassmandiscoverednuclearfission.OnAug.6,1945,anatomicbombwasdroppedonHiroshimawithanestimatedequivalentexplosiveforceof12,500tonsofTNT,followedthreedayslaterbyasecond,morepowerful,bombonNagasaki.Culturalbackground1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundAtomicBombCulturalbackground2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundAfterWorldWarII,theproliferationofnuclearweaponsbecameanincreasingcauseofconcernthroughouttheworld.Attheendofthe20thcentury,thevastmajorityofsuchweaponswereheldbytheUnitedStatesandtheformerSovietUnion;othercountriesthatpossessknownnuclearcapabilitiesaretheGreatBritain,France,China,Pakistan,andIndia.Israelalsohasnuclearweaponsbuthasnotconfirmedthatfactpublicly;NorthKoreahasconductedanucleartestexplosionbutprobablydoesnothaveareadilydeliverablenuclearweapon.Overadozenothercountriescan,orsooncould,makenuclearweapons.Culturalbackground5AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundOnAugust6,1945,thefirstatomicbombattackoccurredoverHiroshima,Japan.Threedayslater,onAugust9,Nagasaki,Japan,wasbombed.ThebombingofNagasakiwasthelastmajoractofWorldWarIIandwithindays,onAugust15,1945,theJapanesesurrendered.Inestimatingthedeathtollfromtheattacks,thereareseveralfactorsthatmakeitdifficulttoarriveatreliablefigures:inadequaciesintherecordsgiventheconfusionofthetimes,themanyvictimswhodiedmonthsoryearsafterthebombingasaresultofradiationexposure,andnotleast,thepressuretoTheBombingofHiroshimaandNagasakiCulturalbackground6AudiovisualsupplementCulturalbackgroundeitherexaggerateorminimizethenumbers,dependinguponpoliticalagenda.Thatsaid,itisestimatedthatbyDecember1945,asmanyas140,000haddiedinHiroshimabythebombanditsassociatedeffects.InNagasaki,roughly74,000peoplediedofthebombanditsaftereffects.Inbothcities,mostofthecasualtieswerecivilians.TheintentionalkillingofciviliansbytheAlliesofWorldWarII－whoclaimedthattheircausewasjust－raisedmoralquestionsaboutthejustcourseofthewar.GlobalReading-generalGeneralanalysisStructuralfeaturesThroughintroducingYamahata’spictures,theauthoraimsatbringingtopeople’sattentionwhatkindofcatastrophicconsequencesnuclearthreatmayleadtoandthattheunpredictabilityofnuclearattackmightmakeanycityintheworldbecomethenexttarget.Therefore,theonlywaytokeepthisworldsafefromnuclearperilisforpeopletotakeactiontodispelnuclearweaponryfromtheearth.RhetoricalfeaturesGlobalReading-structural1GeneralanalysisStructuralfeaturesThisargumentativeessaydescribesnucleardestructionthroughaJapanesephotographer’spictures.Thetextcomprisesthreeparts.PartI(Paragraph1):Thewriterdescribesthephotographsandhowaviewofmountainsinthebackgroundofonepicturepowerfullycaptureshowthoroughlythecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbomb.RhetoricalfeaturesGlobalReading–structural2PartII(Paragraphs2—3):TheauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshima,becauseitsuggeststhatnuclearweaponscanbeusedagainandthreateneveryone,soweneedtotakeactiontodispelthenuclearthreatfromtheEarth.PartIII(Paragraph4):Herestateshismainidea,i.e.weshouldnotjustworryaboutthenuclea