简单句五种基本句型-课件

英语简单句五种基本句型A:词类及基本用法基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓）基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋谓/系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四:Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五:Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1.主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人”，“什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.主谓宾定状补表2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.1.theyworkveryhard.2.Tomfeelsmuchbetternow.(系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词或名词。常见的系动词：is,am,are,become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem)注意：情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.3.表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Mysisterisanurse.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.Toseeistobelieve.Thereasonwhyherabsenceisthatheisill3.宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和宾语从句构成.1.WestudyEnglish.2.Isawhimyesterday.3.Hewantedtohaveapen.4.Shelikesplayingbasketball.5.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.注意：双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句等.1、Thisisaredcar.2、Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.3、Thewomandoctorismywife.4、Ihavesomethingtotellyou.5、ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.6、EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.7、Iknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketballontheplayground.5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及after,when,assoonas,until,if,before等引起的从句.Youarequiteright.Theyoftendrawinthepark.WecamehereinordertolearnEnglish.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.6.宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语+宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型：1名词（代词）+不定式2名词（代词）+分词3名词（代词）+名词4名词（代词）+形容词1、名词（代词）+不定式Johnaskedmetohelphim.Lethimgohome.Isawhercomeoutoftheroom.名词（代词）+分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）Ifoundhimstandingatthegate.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingviolently.Hespokeslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstood.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimselfheard.名词（代词）+名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)TheyappointedherheadoftheEnglishDepartment.Theymadehimcaptainoftheship.基本句型一Ｓ(subject)+V(verb)（主＋谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。1.Hecame.2.Shedances.3.Hiswordsworks.4.Youshouldworkhard.5.Hergrandpadiedlastnight.6.Myunclegetsupearlyeverymorning.基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）系动词可分四类：1）be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,stand等以及prove等。1.Everythinglooksdifferent.2.天气更凉爽了。Theweatherbecomescooler.3.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.4.Thesoupsmellsgood.5.Thegirllooksbeautiful.6.Themusicsoundsgreat.7.Thetreesturngreen.8.Toseeistobelieve.9.Mybrotherisadoctor.基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.Welikethemovie.SVo1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Isawher.7.TheylikewatchingTV.基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+InO+DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。Shegavemeabook=Shegaveabooktome.•常跟双宾语的动词有：•（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。•（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。SV(Vt.)InODO1.Shepassedhimanewdress.2.Johntoldmehisidea.3.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures4.Hesendmeabirthday'spresent.基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。判断原则：能表达成—宾语是…/做…e.g.Wemadehimthemanager.SVOOCSV(Vt.)OOC1.Wekeepthetableclean.2.Isawthemgettingonthebus.3.他让我马上回来。Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.4.IaskedMarytohelpme.5.Wecallourheadmasterawiseman.1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓)基本句型的扩展:e.g.Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。madebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope._________________同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get为例：He'sgettingangry.(SVP)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(SVO）Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易。（SVOC）按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句e.g.1)Theteacher’snameisSmith.2)Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.3)HeisSmithwholikesgoinghiking.--4)HeisSmithandhelikesgoinghiking.5)Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.6)IsawhimwhenIwalkedpastthestreet.7)Heoftengetsupearlybecausehewantstocatchtheearlybus.简单句并列句复合句并列句并列句复合句复合句Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiarytobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.SV____________________________________O_________Ad.()S___________VSVO______________________OCS_________VOOC并列复合句Analyzethesentences:Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.SV__________________{}OcSVPAc（）_________________________________________________________S____________________VOOCIt’snopleasurelookingthro