RACISM

Racism:thebeliefthataparticularraceissuperiororinferiortoanother,thataperson'ssocialandmoraltraitsarepredeterminedbyhisorherinbornbiologicalcharacteristics.Racialseparatismisthebelief,mostofthetimebasedonracism,thatdifferentracesshouldremainsegregatedandapartfromoneanother.Debatesovertheoriginsofracismoftensufferfromalackofclarifyovertheterm.Manymixrecentformsofracismwithearlierformsofethnicandnationalconflict.Inmostcasesethno-nationalconflictseemstoowetoconflictoverlandandstrategicresources.Insomecasesethnicityandnationalismwereharnessedtowarsbetweengreatreligiousempires(forexample,theMuslimTurksandtheCatholicAustro-Hungarians).AsBenedictAndersonhassuggestedethnicidentityandethno-nationalismbecameasourceofconflictwithinsuchempireswiththeriseofprint-capitalism.在种族主义的起源往往辩论缺乏明确的术语。许多新形式的混合与早期的民族和民族冲突的种族主义。在大多数情况下，民族冲突似乎欠冲突的土地和战略资源。在某些情况下，种族和民族主义利用宗教大帝国之间的战争（例如，穆斯林的土耳其人和天主教的奥匈帝国）。本尼迪克Anderson提出的民族认同和民族主义成为冲突的根源在帝国与印刷资本主义的兴起。Initsmodernform,racismevolvedinwithEuropeanexplorationandconquestofmuchoftherestoftheworld,andespeciallyafterChristopherColumbusreachedtheAmericas.Asnewpeopleswereencountered,fought,andultimatelysubdued,theoriesabout“race”begantodevelop,andthesehelpedmanytojustifythedifferencesinpositionandtreatmentofpeoplewhomtheycategorizedasbelongingtodifferentraces.在它的现代形式的种族主义，发展与世界其他地方的探索和征服欧洲，特别是在克里斯托弗哥伦布到达美洲。新的人遭遇，战斗，并最终征服了，“种族”开始发展的理论，这些帮助许多证明他们分属于不同种族的人的地位和待遇的差异。{RacismRacialdiscrimination（种族歧视)Racialsegregation(种族隔离）RacisminEuropeRacisminAustraliaRacisminAfricaRacismintheMiddleEastRacisminAsiaRacisminNorthAmericaRacisminNorthAmericaRacismintheUnitedStateshasbeenamajorissuesincethecolonialeraandtheslaveera.HeavyburdensofracisminthecountryhavefallenuponNativeAmericans,AfricanAmericans,AsianAmericans,andsomeotherimmigrantgroupsandtheirdescendants.Racistattitudes,orprejudice,areheldbyasubstantialportionoftheU.S.population.DiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericans,LatinAmericans,andMuslimsiswidelyacknowledged.MembersofeverymajorAmericanethnicminorityhaveperceivedracismintheirdealingswithotherminoritygroups.在美国种族主义殖民时代和奴隶时代以来的一个重大问题。在该国的种族主义沉重的负担都落在土著美国人，非裔美国人，亚裔美国人，和一些其他的移民和他们的后裔。种族主义态度，或偏见，是美国人口的一部分举行。对非裔美国人，拉丁美洲人和穆斯林的歧视，是公认的美国每一位主要的民族。少数民族成员和其他少数民族往来有知觉的种族主义。ThemarkedofblackslavesIn2005,severalpolicemanwerebitingoldblackpeople.In2003,awhitemanDougWilliamswhohatestheblackpeoplebroughtweaponstokillfiveblackpeopleandthenkilledhimself.EthiopianJewsprotectagainstracismInJerusalemIhaveadreamthatnyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskin,butbythecontenoftheircharacter[Am.]MartinLutherKingEqualityisthesoulofliberty;thereis,infact,nolibertywithoutit.[Am.]FrancesWrightThewhitepeopleshouldcorrecttheirattitudetowardstheblacks,andgivehandstotheblackpeoplewhoneedhelp.Theblackpeopleshouldimprovetheirqualitytowinrespectofthewhitepeople.──RoseParks