初中英语句子种类专题按照句子使用目的,英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。中考关于句子种类的考点:①陈述句的构成形式及基本用法;②祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;③一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;④由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别一、陈述句的构成形式及基本用法。(一)陈述句,陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。1.谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。Heisplayingtheguitar.Heisnotplayingtheguitar.Wecangettherebeforedark.Wecan’tgettherebeforedark.2.陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,根据人称和时态在实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t,didn’t,haven’t,hadn’t。Heplaystheviolinwell.Hedoesn’tplaytheviolinwell.Shewonthegame.Shedidn’twinthegame.▲加助动词doesn’t,didn’t后,句子原来的实义动词变原形。Hehasfinishedhishomeworkalready.Hehasn’tfinishedhishomeworkyet.3.如果句子是therebe结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。Thereissomewaterinthecup.Thereisn’tanywaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.Hehasnotanybooks.▲4.除not以外,否定词no,none,noone,never,nothing,nobody,few,little,hardly,seldom,等也可构成否定句。Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveneverseenthefilm.Hecanhardlywritehisname.Hehasfewfriends.▲too…to…(太……以至于……)的句型是不使用否定词的否定句子。Heistoooldtowork.▲5.含有have的否定句。Ⅰ.have作“拥有、所有”时,否定形式有两种。Ihaveanewfriend.我有一个新朋友。可改为:Idon’thaveanewfriend.Ihavenotanewfriend.Ⅱ.have作“吃、喝、玩,度过”时,其否定形式借助助动词do。Ihadbreakfastat7:30thismorning.Ididn’thavebreakfastat7:30thismorning.Ⅲ.have为助动词时,其否定形式为haven’t.Ihavevisitedmyuncle.Ihaven’tvisitedmyuncle.6.部分否定,不定代词或副词如all,every,everybody,everyone,many,always,often与not连用时,表示部分否定,意为“并非都是,不是每个都是”。Notallthepartsofthecarwillbemadeinthefactory.▲7.否定转移,宾语从句中,句子主语第一人称,本应该放在that从句中的not,被转移到主句的谓语动词前。这类动词有believe,think,expect,suppose。翻译时要把not放到从句中。Idon’tbelievethatI‘vemetyoubefore.(IbelievethatIhaven’tmetyoubefore.)Idon’tthinkyouwillbelate.我认为你不会迟到。实战演练:将下列句子改为否定句。1.TomandJohnareintheclassroom.TomandJohn________intheclassroom.2.Hehasfinishedhiswork.He_______finishedhiswork.3.Therearesomeapplesonthedesk.There________applesonthedesk.4.Ihadagoodtimelastweekend.I________agoodtimelastweekend.二、祈使句的构成形式及基本用法。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等。谓语动词一律用原形。句中通常不用主语,句末用“!”或“.”。(一)含有第二人称的祈使句。1.肯定祈使句句型:动词原形+其他成分(省略主语)Standup./Bequiet,please.▲Dostudyhard.(加强语气,可在动词前加do)2.否定祈使句句型:Don’t(never)+其他成分Don’tswimintheriver.Don’tbelate.(二)含有第一、三人称的祈使句。1.肯定祈使句句型:Let+第一人称(me,us)+动词原形+其他成分Let+第三人称代词(him/her/it/them)或名词+动词原形+其它Let’sgoatonce.Letmetryagain.LetTomgotherehimself.▲2.否定祈使句句型:Let’s(us/me)+not+动词原形Don’tlet+第三人称代词宾格或名词+动词原形Let’snotsayanythingaboutit.Don’tletthemplaywithfire.▲特殊情况:句式变换。祈使句有时相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。祈使句:Useyourhead,andyouwillfindaway.Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.条件句:Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.口诀:祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当,句首加don't否定变;朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。实战演练:用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.it’sanimportantmeeting,_________(not,be)late.2.________(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.3._______(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_______(be)polite.4.______(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.5.Wearmoreclothesoryou_____(catch)acold.三、疑问句的结构形式、分类及特点。疑问句式英语中的常见句式,它可分为:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句四种。(一)一般疑问句。特点:不用疑问词,但需要用yes或no回答的疑问句。语调用声调,句末用“?”。1.be动词的一般疑问句。句型:Be动词+主语+……?Arethereanybirdsinthesky?——Yes,thereare.2.情态动词的一般疑问句。句型:情态动词+主语+动词原形+……?Canyoubringmesomeapples?▲一些情态动词构成的一般疑问句,表达请求、建议。Shallwegoswimming?3.一般动词(实义动词)的一般疑问句。句型:Do(Does/Did)+主语+动词原形+……?Doeshehavesupperathomeeveryday?——No,hedoesn’t.Didhedomorningexercisesyesterday?——Yes,hedid.4.现在完成时的一般疑问句。句型:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+……?Haveyouknownhersinceyourchildhood?——Yes,Ihave.5.过去完成时的一般疑问句。句型:Had+主语+动词过去分词+……?Hadhelearntabout2,000Englishwordsbeforehecamehere?(二)特殊疑问句。特点:含有特殊疑问句,回答不用yes/no,用降调。▲考点:对划线部分提问的题型。三个步骤:①选疑问词②改疑问句语序③抄写剩余部分1.对句子的主语提问,语序:疑问词+谓语+其他成分?Sheistheirteacher.Whoistheirteacher?2.对句子主语的定语提问,语序:疑问词+主语+谓语+其他成分?Mybookisoverthere.Whosebookisoverthere?3.对表语、宾语或状语提问,语序:疑问词+一般疑问句?HelivesinBeijing.Wheredoeshelive?4.对表语或宾语的定语提问,语序:疑问词+表语或定语+一般疑问句?I’mlookingformywatch.Whosewatchareyoulookingfor?▲特殊疑问词的用法。意思用法例句who谁问人的身份、姓名等Heislilei.Whoishe?Heismybrother.Whoishe?what什么问职业或事物是什么Heisaworker.Whatishe?Hehasabook.Whatdoeshehave?which哪一个问一定范围内特指的人、物Thebigboxismine.Whichboxisyours?ThegirlatthedoorisAnn.WhichgirlisAnn?whose谁的问所属关系Thisbookishers.Whoseisthisbook?whatcolor什么颜色问颜色Myskirtisgreen.Whatcolorisyourskirt?whattime几点问点时间Weplaygamesatfiveintheafternoon.Whattimedoyouplaygames?Whatday星期几问星期ItisSunday.Whatdayisittoday?Whatdate几月几日问日期ItisSeptember20th.What’sthedatetoday?when什么时候问时间Weplaygamesintheafternoon.Whendoyouplaygames?where什么地方问地点WeplaygamesathomeonSunday.WheredoyouplaygamesonSunday?why为什么问原因Heisn’tatschooltodaybecauseheisill.whyisn’theatschooltoday?how怎样问健康、做事的方式或程度Heisfine/strongHowishe?Igohomebybus.Howdoyougohome?Ilikedogsverymuch.Howdoyoulikedogs?Howmany多少问数量(跟复数名词)Therearethirtyboysinmyclass.Howmanyboysarethereinyourclass?Howmuch多少问数量、价钱跟不可数名词Therearesomemilkinthecup.Howmuchisthebook?Howfar多远问路程It’sfivekilometresawayfromhere.Howfarisitfromhere?Howlong多久、多长问一段时间问物体长短Helivedhereforayear.Howlonghashelivedhere?Thedeskistwometerslong.Howlongisthedesk?Howsoon多久问In+一段时间Hecanfinishitinhalfanhour.Howsooncanhefinishit?Howoften多久一次问频率Igotoseemyparentsonceamonth.Howoftendoyougotoseeyourparents?(三)选择疑问句。提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答。特点:选择部分用or连接,答语不用yes或no,根据具体情况回答。