视频基础介绍

Analogvs.DigitalVideoDataBlack-and-white(gray-scale)-RGB-YUVY=0.299R+0.587G+0.114BU=-0.147R-0.289G+0.436BV=0.615R-0.515G-0.100BR=Y+1.14VG=Y-0.39U-0.58VB=Y+2.03U3separatesignals-compositesignal(NTSC,PAL)-S-VideoBestConnectionMethodDigitalYUVDigitalRGBAnalogYUVAnalogRGBAnalogS-VideoVideoTimingVideoiscomposedofaseriesofstillimagesVSYNC(verticalsync):indicatewhenanewimagestartsEachstillimageiscomposedofscanlinesHSYNC(horizontalsync):indicatewhenanewscanlinestartsInterlacedvs.ProgressiveVideoResolutionNumberofHpixels&VscanlinesNTSC:720x480PAL:720x576SDvs.HDvs.FullHDActiveImageSyncsScanningTypesHActivePixelsVActiveLinesAspectRatio4:3aspectratio–Fourunitswideby3unitshigh–TraditionalanalogTVs,computermonitors16:9aspectratio–Sixteenunitswideby9unitshigh–NewerwidescreenHDTVs–MorecloselymatchestheaspectratioofcinemamoviescreensFrequency60Hz,50Hz,24Hz,120Hz,100Hz,240Hz,…75Hz,85Hz,…•NTSC=NationalTelevisionSystemCommittee–AnalogTelevisionssystemusedintheNAandJapanKorea•PAL=PhaseAlternatingLine–AnalogTelevisionssystemusedintheEuropeandChina•ATSC=AdvancedTelevisionSystemsCommittee–DigitalTelevisiontargetedtoreplaceNTSCinNA•DVB=DigitalVideoBroadcasting–DigitalTelevisiontargetedtoreplacePALinEuropeSECAM=SequentialCouleurAvecMemoireHSync/VSyncFrontPorchWidthBackPorchPolarityDEN(DataEnable)FIELDHSync(CEA-861D1280x720@60Hz)Frontporch:110Width:40Backporch:220ActivePixels:1280Polarity:+Blank:110+40+220=370TotalPixels:370+1280=1650VSync(CEA-861D1280x720@60Hz)Frontporch:5Width:5Backporch:20ActiveLines:720Polarity:+Blank:5+5+20=30TotalLines:30+720=750VSyncfrequency(FrameRate)50Hz/60Hz/24Hz…HSyncfrequency=VSyncfrequency*VTotalLinesPixelClock=HSyncfrequency*HTotalLinesSeparateSyncSeparateH&VsyncsignalsCompositeSeparatecompositesyncsignal(H&Vsync)EmbeddedSyncCompositesyncsignalembeddedwithinthevideosignalSMPTE-AnalogVESA-PCCEA-Digital…ProgressiveTransmit1frameinentirety(progressivescan)InterlacedTransmit1Fieldinentirety1frame=2field:ODDfield,EVENfieldlowdefinitionlowbandwidthNameHActive(Pixels)VActive(Lines)VFreq(Hz)HFreq(KHz)PixelClock(MHz)HTotal(Pixels)VTotal(Lines)480i(NTSC)7204806015.713.5858525480p7204806031.527858525720p601280720604574.2516507501080i60192010806033.7574.25220011251080p60192010806067.5148.522001125576i(PAL)7205765015.62513.5864625576p7205765031.2527864625720p5012807205037.574.2519807501080i50192010805028.12574.25264011251080p50192010805056.25148.5264011251080p2419201080242774.2527501125NameHActive(Pixels)VActive(Lines)VFreq(Hz)HFreq(KHz)PixelClock(MHz)HTotal(Pixels)VTotal(Lines)VGA60Hz64048059.94031.46925.175800525SVGA60Hz80060060.31437.879401056628XGA60Hz102476860.00448.363651344806SXGA60Hz1280102460.02063.98110816881066WXGA60Hz136076860.01547.71285.51792795UXGA60Hz16001200607516221601250Acolorspaceisamathematicalrepresentationofasetofcolors.3mostpopularcolorspacesRGB–ComputergraphicsYUV–VideosystemsY:Luminance,LumaU,V:Chrominance,ChromaTermsYCbCr–SDYPbPr–HDCMYK–ColorprintingxvYCCFullrange(0-255inan8bitspace)RGB-YUVYUV-RGBBT.601&BT.709Normal:16-235inan8bitspaceFull:0-255inan8bitspace4:4:44:2:2Y0U0V0Y1U1V1…Y0U0Y1V0Y2U1Y3V1…30bit4:4:430bitperpixel10bitR(Cr),G(Y),B(Cb)24bit4:4:424bit4:2:224bitperpixel12bitG(Y),R(Cr)/B(Cb)20bit4:2:216bit4:2:212bit4:2:210bit4:2:28bit4:2:2Composite(CVBS,AV)CompositeofY,Cb,CrwithsyncLowquality,difficulttoseparateY/CS-Video2Separatesignals:Y,CComponent3separatesignals:Y(G),Cb(B),Cr(R)HighqualityVGADVIRGBNoAudioHDMI(v1.3c)CompatibilitywithDVIRGB/YCbCr/xvYCCAudioHDCP:ContentProtectionBrightness,ContrastHue,Color(Saturation)BlackLevelGammaAspectRatioPicturesAnonlinearoperationusedtocodeanddecodeluminance12bit1024-entryGammaLook-uptableinREON1:1FullScreenLetterBoxPillarBoxCropCinemaAnamorphicVirtualWidePIP(PictureinPicture)PAP(PictureandPicture)POP(PictureonPicture)De-interlacingScalingDetailEnhancementNoiseReductionCadenceDe-interlacing:translatingtheinterlacedvideosignalintoprogressiveformatNon-motionimageDe-interlacing:WeavetheODD/EVENfieldstogetherandcombinedtoformacompleteframeMotionimageODD/EVENfieldsareNOTrecordedatthesametimeODDfieldfromonepointattimeEVENfield1/50thor1/60thofasecondlater“Combing”or“feathering”ifsimplycombiningNon-MotionAdaptiveOperationIgnoreEVENfieldRecreateor“interpolate”themissinglinesbyaveragingpixelsfromaboveandbelowAdvantageNocombingShortageHalfofthedetailandresolutionarediscardedImagequalityiscompromisedFrame-basedMotionAdaptiveOperationDeterminewhennomovementhasoccurredintheentirepictureNo-motion:combineODD/EVENfieldsdirectlyMotion:similartoNo-MotionAdaptiveAdvantageStatictestpatternlooksharpShortageVideoimagequalityisstillcompromisedPixel-BasedMotionAdaptive(HQV)OperationMotionisidentifiedinpixellevelratherthanframelevelOnlydiscardthepixelsthatwouldcausecombingartifactsEverythingelseisdisplayedwithfullresolutionAdvantageAvoidartifactsinmovingobjectsPreservefullresolutionofno-motionportion