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ChinaDebateEducationNetworkCurriculumOutlineSummarizingArgumentsinWhipSpeeches*中国辩论教育网络课程大纲党鞭陈词的论点总结Summarizingargumentsin“Whip”speeches党鞭陈词中的论点总结I.RoleofWhipspeakers一、党鞭的角色职责A.GovernmentWhipA.政府党鞭1.Directrefutationofprevious1.直接反驳前面的反三oppositionspeaker2.Summary:direct2.总结：直接比较政府和反对党comparisonofgovernmentandoppositionpositions‐AWhipspeechshouldbea-党鞭陈词应该是一项归纳重组的工作，应将我方占reframingjob,toregroupallthe优势的论点总结归纳好。advantageousargumentstothatsideofthedebate.‐Anexperiencedwhipwilltryto-一个有经验的党鞭会试图将整场辩论纳入己方熟悉reframethewholedebateby和喜爱的领域然后加以归纳总结leadingtheargumentationprocessintoafamiliarandfavorableterritorytothatsideofthedebate.B.OppositionWhipB.反对党党鞭1.Summary:direct1.总结：直接比较政府和反对党comparisonofgovernmentandoppositionpositions2.Indirectrefutation(included2.间接反驳（包含在总结中）inthesummary)‐Directrefutationmaycausethe-直接反驳将导致反对党党鞭陷入正方的陷阱：他将OppositionWhiptofallintoa不得不使用对方的词汇和角度去辩论trapbydebatingusingtheotherside’svocabularyandperspective.‐Refutationisanecessarypart-但反驳对于反四又很重要，鉴于不宜直接反驳，间ofthisspeech.Sinceitcannotbe接反驳则更显明智。*CreatedSeptember2012NotesSummarizinginWhipSpeeches–2madedirectly,anindirectwayisasmartoption.II.Characteristicsofagoodwhipspeech二、好的党鞭陈词的标准A.B.C.SummarizeinanhonestandA.以诚实准确的风格总结accuratefashionSummarizeinamannerthatB.以有利于己方立场的方式总结supportsyoursideofthemotionSummarizeinamannerthatC.以有利于突出本队贡献的方式总结highlightsyourteam’scontributionIII.StrategiesforWhipspeakers三、党鞭陈词的策略A.B.C.D.E.SelectthemostimportantissuesA.选取最重要的问题SelecttheissuesatyouradvantageB.选取于己有利的问题Avoidrepeatingopponents’C.避免重复对方言语remarksEngageinDIRECTcomparisonofD.直接正面比较以突出我方的优势yourside’sadvantagesovertheotherside’sAnalyzefromahigherE.从更高层面或角度分析level/perspective