bertrand-russell

BertrandRussell勃兰特·罗素OutlineHeconsideredhimself:aliberalasocialist,andapacifistneverbeenprofound.BertrandArthurWilliamRussell(b.1872-d.1970)wasaBritishphilosopher,logician,essayist,andsocialcritic,bestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandanalyticphilosophy.AlongwithG.E.Moore,Russellisgenerallyrecognizedasoneofthefoundersofanalyticphilosophy.AlongwithKurtGödel,heisalsoregularlycreditedwithbeingoneofthetwomostimportantlogiciansofthetwentiethcentury.(1872–1970)ThephotoshowsoneofRussell'swingbackeasychairs,hiswritingdeskandchair,filingcabinetsfullofhispublications,andinthebackgroundaportionofhislibrary.Father:JohnRussell,LordAmberleyAprogressiveLiberalM.P.(激进自由主义者1865~1868)Turnedtowritingafterthat.AnalysisofReligiousBeliefDiedfromheartbreakin1874(Only32yearsold)whenLittleRussellwas4.Mother:KatharineRussell,LadyAmberleyShewasanaristocracy（贵族）too.Birthcontrol,religiousfreedom.Diedfromdiphtheria(白喉)whenlittleRussellwas4.Grandfather：LordJohnRussellBePrimeMinistertwiceduringtheVictoriatime(1840sand1860s)FamousasthechiefarchitectoftheGreatReformBillof1832.PembrokeLodgeAnunhappyadolescenceHisgrandmother----thedominantfamilyfigurefortherestofRussell'schildhoodandyouth.4marriages•1894MarriagewithanAmericangirl•1921DivorcedandmarriedDoraBlack•1935-1936DivorcedwithDoraandmarriedP.Spence•1952DivorcedwithP.SpenceandmarriedFinchContributions:LedtheBritish“revoltagainstidealism”OneofthefoundersofanalyticphilosophyHeldtobeoneofthe20thcentury'spremierlogicians.Considerableinfluence:LogicMathematicsSettheoryLinguisticsComputersciencePhilosophy(especiallyphilosophyoflanguageepistemologyandmetaphysics)•OneofthefoundersofAnalyticphilosophy•Philosophyoflanguage:Russell’stheoryofdescription•Acontributiontometaphysics(形而上学)andEpistemology（认识论）Best-sellingBooksTheProblemsofPhilosophyThisbookgivesRussellviewonphilosophicalsubjectsandvalueofphilosophicalknowledge.Best-sellingBooksThisbookgivesageneralhistoryofphilosophy.•MajoredinmathinCambridge•ThePrinciplesofMathematicsin1903•TheRussellParadox(罗素悖论)•ThePrincipiaMathematicsin1910waswrittenwithWhiteheadMathematicsEducationEthicsWomen’srightsPacificist(反战主义者)GavealotofspeechesaroundtheworldAspeechforanti-nuclearpressgroupAnotherspeechafteranti-nucleardemonstration.HewastearinghisLaborPartymembershipcardtoprotesttheUSgovernment’policyinVietnamin1965.RussellparticipatedinmanybroadcastsovertheBBConvarioustopicalandphilosophicalsubjects.Inhisfinalyears,hedidn’tgiveupworking.TheOrderofMeritgivenbyKingGeorgeVIonJune9,1949HonorsWonJerusalemPrize(耶路撒冷奖)in1963AnawardforwritersconcernedwiththefreedomoftheindividualinsocietyTheNobelPrizeinLiterature1950BertrandRussellTheConquestofHappiness（幸福之路）TheNobelPrizeinLiterature1950wasawardedtoBertrandRussellinrecognitionofhisvariedandsignificantwritingsinwhichhechampionshumanitarianidealsandfreedomofthought.AttheNobelAwardDinnerBertrandRussell’squotesDonotfeartobeeccentricinopinion,foreveryopinionnowacceptedwasonceeccentric.Manyamanwillhavethecouragetodiegallantly,butwillnothavethecouragetosay,oreventothink,thatthecauseforwhichheisaskedtodieisanunworthyone.很多人可以勇敢的死去，但是却没有勇气说他为之而死的原因没有意义，甚至连这样想一想的勇气也没有不要害怕怀有怪念头，因为现在人们接受的所有的观念都曾经是怪念头。Manypeoplewouldsoonerdiethanthink;infact,theydoso.有很多人，让他们思考一下还不如让他们去死。事实上，很多人还没思考过就已经死了。Drunkennessistemporarysuicide.喝醉是暂时性的自杀。Contemptforhappinessisusuallycontemptforotherpeople'shappiness,andisanelegantdisguiseforhatredofthehumanrace.对幸福的轻蔑通常是对其他人幸福的轻蔑，在精巧的伪装之下是对人类的仇恨。Manypeoplewhentheyfallinlovelookforalittlehavenofrefugefromtheworld,wheretheycanbesureofbeingadmiredwhentheyarenotadmirable,andpraisedwhentheyarenotpraiseworthy.很多人陷入爱情是为了寻找一个遁世的避难所。在这个避难所里，当他们不值得爱慕的时候，依然有人爱慕他们，当他们不值得赞扬的时候，依然有人赞扬他们。Thanksforlistening!!!