英语重结构,汉语重语义。“就句子的结构而论,西洋语言是法治的,中国语言是人治的。”--王力文章段落句子词组单词句子句子成分句子结构句子种类句子的成分表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主语GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Threeisenough.Doingtheworkishardforhim.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.-名词-代词-数词-动名词-不定式-主语从句主语在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓语WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.谓语在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做什么”宾语CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.宾语Hegavemetwobooks.TomteachesusEnglish.双宾语人是间接宾语,物是直接宾语Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.ABCD宾语在哪里Iboughtacomputerlastweek.ABCD说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后表语Hermotherisateacher.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.系动词状态系动词表示主语状态、身份等,主要有be。Iamhungry.持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay等。Hebecamemadafterthat.系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.变化系动词表示主语变化,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。找出表语Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修饰名词或代词定语She’sagoodbasketballplayer.What’syourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.找出定语Somepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、频率、伴随、目的等。状语ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesattherequietly.找出状语Hebeganwritingwhenhewaseleven.ABCDTherewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD用来补充说明宾语的情况宾语补足语Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCDTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD找出宾补ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语Summary2谓语“做什么”或“怎么样”3宾语动作行为的对象主语“什么人”或“什么事”1表语“是什么”,”怎么样”42定语用来修饰名词或代词3状语修饰动词,形容词或副词4宾补用来补充说明宾语的情况练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳升起来了。(rise)2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。(turnred)4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)练习:翻译下面的句子并判断是哪种句型1.太阳从东方升起来了。(rise)2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。(turnred)4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。(paint)Thesunhasrisenintheeast.Sheenjoysreading.Hisfaceturnedred.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.简单句的基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+不及物动词3.主语+及物动词+宾语4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语简单句的五种基本句型1主语+谓语(不及物动词)(S+Vi型)Hecame.Shedances.yesterdayevening.twohours.inthepasttenyears.1.她昨天回家很晚。2.会议将持续两个小时。3.在过去的十年里,(在)我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。ShewenthomeverylateThemeetingwilllastGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown巩固练习:2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O)Isawher.TheylikewatchingTV.1.昨晚我写了一封信。2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。3.这本书他读过多次了4.他们成功地完成了计划。5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。Iwrotealetterlastnight.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.巩固练习:简单句的基本句型3双宾语结构3主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)(IOindirect)Igaveherabook.Sheshowedherfriendsallthepictures.•汉译英练习双宾语结构•说明:•由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)组成。如,•Hebringsmecookieseveryday.•Shemademeabeautifuldress.•但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for,如,•Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.•Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.•用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。•用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。•常跟双宾语的动词有:•(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。•(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?4.他把车票给列车员看。MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.4主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)Iamastudent.Shelooksveryyoung.英语基本句型-4主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;巩固练习:1.冬季白天短,夜晚长2.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3.孩子们很少保持安静。4.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.Childrenseldomkeepquiet.Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.5主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+OC)IaskedMarytohelpme.Wecallourheadmasterawiseman.巩固练习:1.我们叫她Alice.2.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3.他们把小偷释放了。4.我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7.他每个月理一次发8.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。WecallherAlice.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Theyhavesetthethieffree.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.请说出下列句子类型。1.Summeriscoming.2.Theyaredrinkingwater.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.Shetoldmewhattodo.5.Theweatherisverycold.S+VS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+CS+V+P英语基本句型6Therebe句型英语基本句型6Therebe句型说明:此句型是由“there+be+主语+其他”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词be之后,there仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如:Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:现在有Thereis/are…过去有Therewas/were…将来有Therewillbe…;Thereis/aregoingtobe...现在已经有Therehas/havebeen…可能有Theremightbe...肯定有Theremustbe…Theremusthavebeen...过去曾经有Thereusedtobe…似乎有Thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有Therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…巩固练习:1.这个村子过去只有一口井。2.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3.天气预报说下午有大风。4.灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。5.战前这儿一直有家电影院的.AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.