变电站的综合防雷研究论文

郑州华信学院本科生毕业设计（论文）题目：变电站的综合防雷研究指导教师：******职称：讲师学生姓名：******学号：**********专业：电气工程及其自动化院（系）：机电工程学院答辩日期：2013年5月25日2013年5月20日郑州华信学院毕业设计（论文）变电站的综合防雷研究I摘要变电站是电力系统重要组成部分，是电网传输电能的核心。雷电所引起的大气过电压将会对电气设备和变电站的建筑物产生严重的危害，一旦变电站遭受雷击，可能直接会造成电网的瓦解，城市大面积停电，给社会的安全和谐稳定带来极大的负面影响。因此，在变电所和高/低压输电线路中，必须采取有效的防雷措施，以保证电气设备的安全。运行经验表明，当前变电所中所采用的防雷措施(外部避雷)是可靠的，但是,随着现代科学技术的发展综合自动化水平的需求，其所依赖的微电子设备，因受雷电冲击而损坏的事故发生率大幅上升。这是我们从事防雷减灾工作所面临的机遇与挑战。如何对发展中的变电站系统采取有效的防雷保护措施，保障变电站系统正常可靠的运行，这是我们一个新的研究方向。单靠传统的避雷针、避雷带等外部避雷设施已不足以防护雷电和开关过电压对微电子设备的冲击，进行内部系统的雷击浪涌防护和加装SPD（电涌保护器）是必要的。本文主要针对110kv变电站防雷系统设计进行研究，提出并解决变电站防雷保护、变配电设备的防护、110kv变电站变电站电源系统防雷保护及避雷器的选用。还有变电所弱电系统防雷保护、SPD的安装方法、综合自动化变电站二次系统防雷措施、电解离子接地系统在变电站接地网改造中的设计计算、二次系统的防护、建筑物的防护、防雷接地技术以及如何应用在工程中以及在应用中需要注意哪些事项。关键词：变电站雷电波防雷保护郑州华信学院毕业设计（论文）变电站的综合防雷研究IIAbstractSubstationisanimportantpartofpowersystem,Thecoreofelectricpowertransmission.Theatmosphericovervoltagecausedbylightningonelectricalequipmentandsubstationbuildingsandcausedseriousharm,oncethesubstationlightning,collapsemaydirectlycausethegrid,cityblackout,socialsecurityandharmonybringsgreatnegativeimpact.Therefore,inthesubstationandhigh/lowvoltagetransmissionlines,musttakeeffectivelightningprotectionmeasures,toensurethesafetyofelectricalequipment.Operatingexperienceshowsthat,thelightningprotectionmeasureinsubstationbythe(externallightning)isreliable,but,withthecomprehensiveautomationlevelofthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnologyneeds,microelectronicdevicesofitsdependent,anddamagecausedbylightningimpulseoccurrencerate.Thisistheopportunityandchallengewefacedinthelightningprotectionanddisasterreductionwork.Howtotakeeffectivelightningprotectionmeasuresofsubstationsystemdevelopment,guaranteethenormalandreliableoperationofthesubstation,whichisanewresearchdirection.Onthelightning,lightningwithexternallightningprotectionfacilitiestraditionalhasbeeninsufficienttolightningprotectionandswitchingovervoltageofmicroelectronicequipmentimpact,internalsystemlightningsurgeprotectionandtheinstallationofSPD(Surgeprotectivedevice)isnecessary.This110kvsubstationlightningprotectionsystemdesignforconductingresearchandresolveanumberofrelatedissues,includingthesubstationlightningprotection,powerdistributionequipmentprotection,110kvsubstationsubstationbreakerselectionoflightningprotectionandsurgearresterssubstationtoincreaseafterthelightningprotectionmeasuresmicrowavetowers,powerplants,substationsandweaksystemsoflightningprotection,substationbuildingsteeldoorsandwindows,curtainwalloftheminetechnology,themaintransformerneutralgroundingprotectiondevicetechnology,integratedautomationsubstationIIlightningprotectionsubsystem,electrolyticiongroundsystemtransformationinthesubstationgroundinggriddesignandcalculationofthesecondarysystemofprotection,buildingprotection,groundingtechnology,howtoapplyinengineeringandintheapplicationneedtopayattentiontowhatmatters.Keywords：substationlightningwavelightningprotection郑州华信学院毕业设计（论文）变电站的综合防雷研究III目录1绪论.................................................................................................................................11.1课题研究的意义......................................................................................................11.2防雷保护发展概要..................................................................................................21.3国内外研究现状......................................................................................................31.4本文主要研究内容..................................................................................................52对雷电的认识.................................................................................................................62.1雷电的形成..............................................................................................................62.2雷电的危害..............................................................................................................63直击雷防护.....................................................................................................................93.1直击雷的保护措施..................................................................................................93.2避雷针保护范围的计算........................................................................................113.3避雷针的选择........................................................................................................144雷电侵入波保护...........................................................................................................164.1雷电波的侵入原因................................................................................................164.2雷电侵入波的保护措施........................................................................................164.2.1MOA对雷电侵入波的保护........................................................................174.2.2选用MOA时应注意的问题.......................................................................185感应过电压的入侵和防护...........................................................................................195.1感应过电压的产生..............................................................................