2019高考复习非谓语动词

非谓语动词1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词或复合句省略主语的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.（并列句)Hetoldme(that)theteacherwouldbebacksoon.(宾语从句）Iappreciatethestudentswhofinishthehomeworkontimeeveryday.（定语从句）非谓语动词现在分词V-ing过去分词Vp.p动词不定式todo表主动、动作正在进行表被动、动作已经完成表目的、动作发生在将来非谓语动词在高考中主要体现在语法填空和短文改错的中，答题时按照以下步骤：一看二找三分析1.看主句中是否有谓语，分两步思考2.找出该动词的逻辑主语，如无，则默认主句主语3.分析逻辑主语与动词关系①无谓语，考虑时态、人称数、语态②有谓语，排除并列句或复合句省略主语情况，考虑非谓语温馨提示：非谓语的考察中大部分考察固定句型和固定搭配1.Ican’tstand______(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.2.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____(lose)thegoodopportunity.3.Ilike__________verymuch,butIdon'tlike_________thisafternoon.(swim）workingtostoplosingswimmingtoswim1.________(learn)alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.2.Itisnotalwayseasy________(refuse)invitations.3.How__________(solve)theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.4.It__________(take)forty-fiveminutes__________(get)therebybus.5.Ineedthischapter__________(write)beforetomorrow.6.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething__________(steal).Learningtorefusetosolvetakestogetwrittenstolen非谓语动词主语宾语宾补主补定语状语表语不定式-ing分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√非谓语动词考点：1.不定式或V-ing做主语时，一般用it当形式主语，并构成固定句型。Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.It’sniceseeingyouagain.Itis/was+adj+for/ofsb+todosth2.下列句型中常用动名词作主语:nouse/goodnotanyuse/goodItis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsthuselessworth3.不定式和V-ing作宾语时常考固定搭配也考形式宾语1）下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,afford,agree,choose,pretend,decide,happen,learn,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。e.g.Heagreedtogetsomeonetohelpus.Theypromisednottobreaktheschoolrulesagain.decidetodosth.决定做某事want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事plantodosth.计划做某needtodosth.需要做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事affordtodo能做某事beusedtodo被用来做can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事makeupone’smindtodo下决心做某事usedtodo过去常常做某事failtodo未能做某事2）it作形式宾语而非谓语动词为真正宾语think/find/feel/consider/make/regard…+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.Tomdidn’tfinditdifficulttowritelettersinChinese.Allthesenoisesmadeitimpossibleformetogoonwiththework.也可以使用V-ing作真正宾语Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.Idon’tthinkitworthwhilegoingtosuchaplace.Hefoundituseless(nouse)arguingwithhim.3）在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：admit,advise,allow,avoid,bear,cannothelp,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,giveup,imagine.include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand,insiston,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,admitto,be/get/becomeusedto,beequalto,devote…to,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,stickto,taketo,seeto,leadto,payattentionto等。例：Heenjoysgoingtotheplayground.Ihavefinishedcleaningthehouse.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事spend...doingsth.花费…做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做…imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事missdoingsth.错过做某事suggestdoingsth.建议做某事keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事3）介词+V-ing常考介词:at,in,on，of,off,for,from，up,about,without，to等等begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣insistondoing坚持做某事beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth.厌烦做某事beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事putoffdoing推迟做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事withoutdoingsth.没有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事What∕Howaboutdoing做某事怎么样此to非彼tolookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢）devotetodoingsth（致力于）makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）温馨提示：一般而言，介词后用V-ing，但在介词but/except/besides(除...之外）后常用todo不定式作宾语。即Hehasnochoicebuttoacceptthesuggestion.但如果与but构成“只好。。。”的短语时，其后接不带to的不定式，有cannothelpbutdosth;cannotchoosebutdosthtododoingrememberforger(do在后)要做（do在前）做过stopgoon两件事一件事likehatelove一次性长期try尽力做尝试做startbegin一样一样特殊词精讲eg:他们停下来吸烟。Theystoptosmoke.我必须戒烟了Imuststopsmoking.办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.4.现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别e.g.Thepartywasveryexciting.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews．凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...，若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.isinteresting。delighting令人高兴的——delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的——puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的——satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的——surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的——worried感到担心的5.非谓语动词作定语1）不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。e.g.ThetraintoarriveisfromLondon．Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.2）动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。e.g.awashingmachine（=amachinewhichisusedforwashing）洗衣机areadingroom（=aroomwhichisusedforreading）阅览室常见有arunningmachineawaitingroomaswimmingpoolawalkingstick6.非谓语动词还有不同的形式非谓语动词一般式完成式一般式完成式动词不定式过去分词tobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone及物动词的过去分词既表示被动又表示动作已完成,个别动词的过去分词只表示完成(多数为不及物动词)主动