机械专业英语

机械专业英语学习要求1、了解科技英语的表达方式和方法,能够阅读和翻译较简单的本专业相关的科技文章。2、了解英语科技文章的结构，掌握与本专业有关的英语词汇和专业术语。3、在学习专业英语的同时，掌握获取外文专业资料及阅读能力。Part1Materials&HotworkingLesson4MetalsLesson6PlasticsandOtherMaterialsLesson9CastingLesson11ForgingLesson4MetalsVocabulary：1.toughnessn.韧性2.corrosionn.腐蚀3.dumpv.倾倒，堆放4.recyclen.铁5.coppern.铜6.aluminiumn.铝7.bronze青铜8.alloy合金9.wear磨损10.metallic金属的11.specification操作规程，技术说明Vocabulary：12.extract提炼13.iron铁14.carbonn.碳15.ferrousa.铁的；二价铁的ferrousmetals黑色金属16.nonferrousmetals有色金属17.leadn.铅18.zincn.锌19.tinn.锡20.oren.矿；矿砂21.impurityn.杂质；不纯22.minerala.矿物的翻译技巧1——翻译标准与过程翻译标准•准确明白•通顺严密•简练全面翻译过程•理解阶段•表达阶段•校核阶段MetalsandFerrousMetalsMetalsaredividedintotwogeneraltypes-ferrousandnonferrous.Ferrousmetalsarethosewhichcontainiron.Nonferrousmetalsarethosewhichdonotcontainiron.However,somenonferrousmetalsmaycontainasmallamountofironasanimpurity.Steelandcastironarethemostcommonferrousmetalsingeneraluse.Steelisanalloycontainingchieflyiron,carbon,andcertainotherelementsinvaryingamounts.Awiderangeofphysicalpropertiesmaybeobtainedinsteelbycontrollingtheamountofcarbonandotheralloyingelementsandbysubjectingthesteeltovariousheattreatments.Plaincarbonsteelusuallycontain,besidesironandcarbon,smallamountsofsilicon,sulphur,phosphorus（磷）,andmanganese（锰）.Alloysteelsareformedbytheadditionofoneormoreofthefollowingelements:nickel（镍）,chromium（铬）,molybdenum（钼）,vanadium（钒）,tungsten（钨）,manganese,silicon,andsmallamountsofotheralloyingelements.Low-carbonsteelsareusuallyusedforlow-strengthpartsrequiringagreatdealofforming.Medium-carbonsteelsareusedforforgingsandotherapplicationswhereincreasedstrengthandacertainamountofductilityarenecessary.High-carbonsteelsareusedforhigh-strengthpartssuchassprings,tools,anddies.Thefollowinglistisaclassificationofferrousmaterialsaccordingtothecarboncontent.FerrousMaterialCarbonContentLow-carbonsteel0.04to0.30%Medium-carbonsteel0.30to0.60%High-carbonsteel0.60to1.70%Lesson6PlasticsandOtherMaterialsVocabulary：1.preferablea.更可取的2.traditionala.传统的；惯例的3.corrodevt.腐蚀4.inorganica.无机的；inorganicacid无机酸5.sulphurica.硫的sulphuricacid硫酸6.hydrochlorica.盐酸的；氯化氢的；hydrochloricacid盐酸7.deformv.（使）变形8.solventa.溶解的；溶剂的9.tetrachloriden.四氯化物10.rigida.刚性的Vocabulary：11.decorationn.装饰；装布景12.fabricatevt.制造，生产13.injectionmoulding注射模塑法14.blowmoulding吹塑法15.compressionmoulding压型法16.extrusionn.挤压17.vacuumforming真空成型18.powermetallurgy粉末冶金19.constituent组成，组元20.simultaneously同时21.subsequently随后22.coherent协调一致的23.fusion熔化24.crystalline结晶25.sinter烧结翻译技巧2——词义选择法1.根据学科、专业选择词义“carrier”词义：“搬运工”（交通）“支架”（机械）“母舰”（军事）“载体”（化学）2.根据上下文选择词义“article”词义：文章；本文“器件”；develop：Inordertodevelopourelectronicindustry,wemustlaystressonthedevelopmentandproductionofICs.3.根据搭配习惯选择词义large:largeloads(重载）；alargepressure(高电压）alargecurrent(强电流）GeneralPropertiesofNonmetallicMaterialsNonmetallicmaterialshavevariedproperties,andfewcharacteristicsareapplicabletoallofthem.Twothataremostuniversalarelowelectricalandheatconductivity.Withtheexceptionofcarbon,nonmetallicmaterials,whendry,arenonconductors.Nonmetallicmaterialsareusuallylesstoughandlessstrongthanmetals,exceptthattheinorganicmaterialsnormallyhaveveryhighcompressivestrengths.Theinorganicmaterialsalsohavesuperiorhigh-temperatureproperties.Resistancetocorrosionisacommonpropertywithmanynonmetallics.Easeoffabricationisapropertysharedbypolymers,wood,andsomeotherorganicmaterials.Lesson9CastingVocabulary：1.casting铸造2.die－casting模铸3.foundry铸造4.pour浇注5.suitability适应性6.pigiron生铁7.cupola化铁炉8.erosion腐蚀9.ladle铁水包Vocabulary：10graphite石墨11.solidify使凝固12.disjoin拆散，分开13.ingot（钢）锭14.destructive破坏性的15.retard使延缓，推迟16.solvent溶剂17.copper-basealloy铜基合金翻译技巧3——词义引申法1、技术性引申Castingistheintroductionofmoltenmetalintoacavity(型腔）ormold.2、修饰性引申Thismachineissimpleindesign(结构),yetitisefficientinoperation.3、具体化引申Themajorcontributors(作用)incomponenttechnologyhavebeeninthesemiconductor.4、抽象化引申VLSIisstillinitsinfancy(发展初期）.DefinitionofCastingCastingistheintroductionofmoltenmetalintoacavityormoldwhere,uponsolidification,itbecomesanobjectwhoseshapeisdeterminedbymoldconfiguration.Castingoffersseveraladvantagesoverothermethodofmetalforming:itisadaptabletointricateshapes,toextremelylargepieces,andtomassproduction;itcanprovidepartswithuniformphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesthroughoutand,dependingontheparticularmaterialbeingcast,thedesignofthepart,andthequantitybeingproduced,itseconomicadvantagescansurpassotherprocesses.Lesson11ForgingVocabulary：1.press压力机；压锻2.forging锻造，锻造的3.closedimpressiondies封闭式型腔模具4.stroke冲程冲击5.ram锤头；冲头6.dies模具，模子7.cavity腔；中空8.block坯料；毛坯9.dropforging落锤锻10.roughly粗糙地；大体上Vocabulary：11.desire愿望；要求12.shape形状；模形13.exact精确的；强制要求14.thefinishedpiece成品15.drawingthediestogether使两模合拢16.forcedtotakethisform压力成形17.brass黄铜；黄铜制品18.hydraulic液压的；液压传动装置19.insteadof代替着；而不是20.draft牵引力21.complicate使复杂化22.extrude挤压，模压23.impact碰撞；冲击Vocabulary：24.hammer落锤，锤头25.symmetrical对称的26.irregular不规则的27.sizingoperations精锻工艺28.indicate指示；显示29.byapressgoesdeeper深度持续施压30.cantake能处理（拿下）31.rolling压光，扎制32.thefinalforging终锻；精锻33.overheat过热34.judge判断35.furnace（熔，炼，高）炉36.pyrometer高温计ForgingProcessesMe