初中英语阅读专题复习

LOGO英语阅读专题复习2018广东中考英语试卷结构题序题型题量赋分权重一听力理解A.听单句话5525.0%B.听对话1010C.听独白1010D.听填信息55二单项填空151512.5%三完型填空10108.3%四阅读理解153025.0%五短文填空101512.5%六读写综合A.信息归纳5516.7%B.书面表达115全卷86120100%WarmupReadingcomprehension(阅读理解)Easy???OrDifficult???Nomatterhowdifficultitis,weneedtogetover(克服)it.That’sbecause:得阅读者得天下1.Master(掌握)thereadingskills.2.Learnknowledgebythinkingcarefullybyyourselfandworkingwithgroups.3.BeinterestedinreadingandbehappyinlearningEnglish.阅读理解题型词意猜测题细节理解题主旨大意题推理判断题年份细节理解题词意猜测题主旨大意题推理判断题201761122016811020157111历年中考各题型分布有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why等。中考阅读理解的题大部分是这样的题型，答案基本能在原文中找到，答题时需要注意关键词。howwherewhat细节理解题whenwhowhy能够把握文章的事实和细节的能力【说明】针对文章的事实和细节，常见的提问方式有：◆Whichofthefollowingisright/true/wrong/isn’tmentioned?◆ThefollowingareallrightEXCEPT_____.◆用What/Which/When/Where/Why/How等提问.细节理解题原文Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanychangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwater(水道)called“leads”.Example:(2017广东中考)【解析】选C。细节理解题。问题64.Thereasonfortheicetobreakintotwoopeninglanesofwateris_______.A.thatthetemperaturesuddenlydropsB.thatthewaterundertheiceisfrozenC.thattheoceanwaterundertheicemovesD.thatthesurfaceiscoveredwithlotsofice______________________________技巧总结细节理解题根据关键词快速在文中捕捉信息，理解上下文意思。主旨大意题议论文和说明文的主题句经常在开头或结尾。记叙文往往没有主题句，需要在读懂全文、体会作者用意的基础上进行概括。中考阅读理解这样的题有一至两题。主旨大意题2017年广东中考165.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?265.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe_____.2016年广东中考365.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.2015年广东中考Whatdoyoudoifyouaretrappedonalonelyisland?Surelyyouneedtofindawaytogetintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Youbestchanceofdoingthisistodrawtheattentionofapassingplane.Bodysignals（信号）…Smokesignals…Ground-to-airsignals…Pilots’replies…主旨大意题1.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theexplanationofbuildingsignalsonanisland.B.Theimportanceofmakingsignalsonanisland.C.Waysofsendingoutsignalsonalonelyisland.D.Waysofreceivingsignalsfromalonelyisland.主旨大意题注意文章的首尾段，以及每段的第一句话和最后一句话。技巧总结该题型考查通过文章表层信息推测其隐含信息的能力,要求学生揣摩作者的意图。虽不能在原文中找答案,但有间接的暗示和线索。中考这样的题有一至两题，较难得分。推理判断题推理判断题Example:(2017广东中考)PeopleoftenthinkoftheNorthPole（北极）andtheSouthPoleassimilarfrozen（冰冻的）wastelands.Theyarebothplaceswithverycoldtemperaturesandfewpeoplelivethere.However,theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine…Q:61.Thispassageisprobablyfrom______.A.abookreviewB.asciencebookC.aschoolreportD.acomputermagazineB【解析】推理判断题。A是书评，B是科学书，C是学校报告，D是电脑杂志。本文是一篇科普文，根据文章内容可推知最有可能来自关于科学方面的书籍。故选B。推理判断题快速寻找线索，根据文章大意和常识进行推理。技巧总结猜测词义题该题型考查通过上下文判断词义的能力。词义题的考查有两种:超纲词含义的推断和熟词生义的推断。中考通常有一至两题这样的题型。通过构词法猜测词义通过同义词和反义词的关系通过定义描述关系来推测词义通过上下文意思来猜测原文：Samwasafifteen-year-oldboylivingwithhislittlesister,Julie.Theirparentspassedawaylongago.SamhadtakencareofJuliebyhimself…考题：28.“Theirparentspassedawaylongago”means“Theirparents____longago.”A.diedB.wentonC.lefthomeD.passedby根据上下文的意思来猜测答案根据上下文意思猜测词义猜测词义______________________________________________A通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。段落ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway.Althoughitcannotfly，itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.分析从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。通过定义或释义描述关系来推测词义猜测词义_____________________________通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。猜测词义段落Heissohomely，notatallashandsomeashisbrother.分析根据notatall...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词猜测词义___________________develop-developmentsuccess-successfulforget-forgetfulhappy-unhappyfair-unfairexpensive-inexpensive前缀：改变意义后缀：改变词性通过构词法猜词猜测词义词义猜测题通过上下文意思，定义描述，同义反义关系以及构词法来猜测单词的意思。技巧总结Whenpeopletalktoeachother,writelettersormakephonecalls,wordsofthespokenformorthewrittenformcansendanymessagetheywanttopasson.Butbesideswords,doyouknowanyotherwaysyoucanusetocommunicatewithpeople?Richexpressionsonyoufacecanbeoneofthem.Asmileonyourfaceshowsthatyouarehappy.Tearsinyoureyestellothersthatyouaresadorexcited.Bodylanguagecandothesamejob.Whenyouputyourhandupinclass,theteacherknowsthatyouwanttosaysomethingoryoumayhavesomequestionstoask.Youshakeyourheadfromsidetosideandpeopleknowyouaresaying“no”orrefuseothers’requirement.Whenyounod,peoplewillunderstandthatyouaresaying“yes”oragreetoothers’opinionsorsuggestions.小试牛刀Otherformscanalsocarrydifferentmessages.Forexample,asingatthebusstopgivespassengersinstructionsonwhichbustotake.Theflaglanguagemadebysoldierscanpassdifferentorders.Soundfromtheschoolbelltellsthestudentsandtheteacherswhentobeginorendaclass.Aphotographercanusethephotoshehastakentotellothersaboutwhathethinksoftheworldaroundhim.Musicandfilmsalsoconveythefeelingsandideasofthemusiciansandthedirectors.Sonexttimewhenyouseeapieceofartorlistentosomemusic,takeitascommunicationwithitscreatorandtrytogetthemeaningbehindit.()1.Whenpeoplewanttousewordstocommunicatewithothers,they_____.A.writelettersB.cryaloudC.keepsilentD.smilefriendly()2.Accordingtothepassage,youjustneedto_____ifyouagreetoothers’suggestions.A.closeyoureyesB.putupyourhandC.moveyourheadup