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语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态)语态什么时候可以使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.这些书是为儿童写的。Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：TinaisaskedtocomebyPaul．Tina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．Theflowerseveryday.arewateredbyherShewaterstheflowerseveryday.主谓宾后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态主动变被动的方法:Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.主谓宾Theflowersarewateredbyhereveryday.①②③④总结:主动语态被动语态宾语→谓语→主语→其他→抄下来主语be+P.Pby+宾语1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动3.将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by的宾语放在谓动词之后运用一下吧be+done被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化考点一:1.am,is,are2.was,were3.willbe/isgoingtobe4.can/may/could/must/mightbe5.have/hasbeen6.hadbeenbymanystudents.1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.Englishisstudied2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.一）一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词•TheyplayfootballonSunday.•Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.•Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.•WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadebyusinBeijing.1.Theyboughtacomputerlastterm．bythemlastterm.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词lastyear.2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.ManytreeswereplantedAcomputerwasbought•Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.•Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.•Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.•Theyusedtheroomsforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Theroomswereusedforrestingbythem.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：begoingtobe/willbe+过去分词1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.bythemintendays.Theworkwillbefinished2.Tomisgoingtocleantheroomtomorrow.TheroomisgoingtobecleanedbyTomtomorrow.•Wewillheldasportsmeetingnextweek.•Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterisgoingtogiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkisgoingtobegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词1.AmycantakegoodcareofGina．byAmy.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.Morewatershouldbedrunkbyyou.1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构is/am/are+being＋过去分词1.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．bysomeworkersnow.Theroomsarebeingpainted2.HeiswatchingTV.TVisbeingwatchedbyhim.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构have/has＋been＋过去分词1.Wehavefoundakey．byus.Akeyhasbeenfound2.Hehasfinishedthecompositions.Thecompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：情态动词:am/is/are+done情态动词+be+donewill+be+donewas/were+done以下时态的被动语态构成Summary现在完成时：has/have+been+doneTask4考点二:被动语态中的特殊情况:被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则另一个不动。如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语则需在间宾前加for或to如：1.Hegavemeabook.－Iwasgivenabookbyhim.－AbookwasgiventomebyTom.2.Iboughthimabook.－Hewasboughtabookbyme.－Abookwasbuoghtforhimbyme.givesb.sth—buysbsth-sbbegivensthsbbeboughtsth-sthbegiventosb.sthbeboughtforsb.【考点】givesb.sth.passsb.sth.sellsb.sth.lendsb.sth.bringsb.sth.makesb.sth.buysb.sth.Sthbegiventosb.Sth.bepassedtosb.Sth.besoldtosb.Sth.belenttosb.Sth.bebroughttosb.Sth.bemadeforsb.Sth.beboughtforsb.主动被动【考点】sbbeaskedtodosbbetoldtodosbbeinvitedtodosbbechosentodosbbeencouragedtodosbbeallowedtodoasksb.todotellsb.todoinvitesb.todochoosesb.todoencouragesb.todoallowsb.todo主动被动2.主动语态为带to的动词不定式Mumtoldmetostayathome.Iwastoldtostayathome.1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.HewasseentoplaybasketballlastSunday.2.Thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours.Heismadetoworkfor10hours.3.在主动语态中省去to,在变为被动语态时应加上to.即hear,watch,see,make,let,这些词在变被动句时必须加to.makesbdosth--sbbemadetodosth.seesbdosth—sbbeseentodosth.【考点】makesb.doletsb.doseesb.dohearsb.dowatchsb.dosbbemadetodosbsbbelettodosbbeseentodosbbeheardtodosbbewatchedtodo主动被动Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Iturnedofftheradio.4.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,注意短语要完整，不能掉了介词-----Mychildistakengoodcareof.---Theradiowasturnedoff(byme).【考点】lookforlookaftertakecareofhandinlaughatspeaktobelookedforbelookedafterbetakencareofbehandedinbelaughedatbespokento不要漏掉介词.【考点】没有被动语态的词或短语.cost,happen,takeplace,closedown,feel,sound,taste,smell,look,comeout,comeup,breakdown,standfor,这些词主要分为一下几类：1）look.smell.sound.feel.taste等作连系动词用时，主动形式表被动意义。Eg.棉花摸起来很柔软。Cottonfeelssoft.这老妇人看起来焦急Theoldwomanlooksworried.2)write（很好写）read（很好看）sell（卖得好）wash（很好洗）open（商店开门）last(持续很久）等常用主动表被动。Eg这笔很好用。Thispenwriteswell.这书很畅销Thisbooksellswell.Theshopwillopenateighto’clock.3)动词need,require，allow等接动名词doing作宾语构成主动结构表被动含义他的鞋需要修理。Heneededtomendhisshoes.Hisshoesneededtobemended.Hisshoesneededmending.need,allow可以用-ing形式表示被动needtobedone=needdoingbeallowedtodo=allowdoing4)不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen（发生）,t