搜索
Unit11ElectronicSystems30PersonalComputer《电子技术专业英语教程》冯新宇主编电子工业出版社《电子技术专业英语教程》230PersonalComputer•Backgrounds•Texttour•Languageinuse–Vocabulary–Structure–Reading/writingtechniques2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》3•Terminology–databasen.数据库，基本数据–paneln.【电】配电盘，仪表盘–indicator【电】目视仪–peripheraln.(电脑的)外围设备，周边设备mainframen.【计】主机，大型机–motherboardn.底板，母板；【计】母板，主板–desktopcomputer台式计算机，台式电脑–laptopcomputer便携式计算机，膝上电脑–tabletcomputer平板计算机–softwareapplication应用软件Backgrounds2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》4•Terminology–wordprocess文字处理–spreadsheet电子表格–Webbrowser网络浏览器–E-mailclient电子邮件客户端–dial-up拨号–WorldWideWeb全球信息网，万维网–localareanetwork局域网–batchprocess批处理–time-share【计】分时，时间共享；【电】分时–pre-assemble预组装，预先安装2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》5•Terminology–computer-aideddesign电脑辅助设计–opticaldiscdrive光盘驱动器–USB通用串行总线–expansionslot扩展槽–testware测试工具，测试件–PCIPedpherdComponentInterconnect周边元件扩展接口–AGPAcceleratedGraphicsPort加速图像处理端口–ISTQBInternationalSoftwareTestingQualificationBoard国际软件测试工程师认证2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》6Texttour•Outline-IntroductiontheHistoryofcomputerdevelopment-ComputerArchitecture-SofewareConcepts2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》7Introduction•Apersonalcomputer(PC)isanygeneral-purposecomputerwhosesize,capabilities,andoriginalsalespricemakeitusefulforindividuals,andwhichisintendedtobeoperateddirectlybyanenduser,withnointerveningcomputeroperator.•Asof2009,aPCmaybeadesktopcomputer,alaptopcomputeroratabletcomputer.ThemostcommonoperatingsystemsforpersonalcomputersareMicrosoftWindows,MacOSandLinux,whilethemostcommonmicroprocessorsarex86-compatibleCPUs,ARMarchitectureCPUsandPowerPCCPUs.Softwareapplicationsforpersonalcomputersincludewordprocessing,spreadsheets,databases,WebbrowsersandE-mailclients,games,andmyriadpersonalproductivityandspecial-purposesoftware.Modernpersonalcomputersoftenhavehigh-speedordial-upconnectionstotheInternet,allowingaccesstotheWorldWideWebandawiderangeofotherresources.2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》8•APCmaybeahomecomputer,ormaybefoundinanoffice,oftenconnectedtoalocalareanetwork(LAN).Thisisincontrasttothebatchprocessingortime-sharingmodelswhichallowedlargeexpensivesystemstobeusedbymanypeople,usuallyatthesametime,orlargedataprocessingsystemswhichrequiredafull-timestafftooperateefficiently.•WhileearlyPCownersusuallyhadtowritetheirownprogramstodoanythingusefulwiththemachines,today'susershaveaccesstoawiderangeofcommercialandnon-commercialsoftwarewhichisprovidedinready-to-runform.2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》9•ThecapabilitiesofthePChavechangedgreatlysincetheintroductionofelectroniccomputers.Bytheearly1970s,peopleinacademicorresearchinstitutionshadtheopportunityforsingle-personuseofacomputersystemininteractivemodeforextendeddurations,althoughthesesystemswouldstillhavebeentooexpensivetobeownedbyasingleperson.•Theintroductionofthemicroprocessor,asinglechipwithallthecircuitrythatformerlyoccupiedlargecabinets,ledtotheproliferationofpersonalcomputersafterabout1975.Earlypersonalcomputers-generallycalledmicrocomputers-weresoldofteninElectronickitformandinlimitedvolumes,andwereofinterestmostlytohobbyistsandtechnicians.•Minimalprogrammingwasdonebytoggleswitches,andoutputwasprovidedbyfrontpanelindicators.Practicaluserequiredperipheralssuchaskeyboards,computerterminals,diskdrives,andprinters.•Unlikeotherhobbyistcomputersofitsday,whichweresoldaskits;in1976SteveJobsandSteveWozniaksoldtheAppleIwasafullyassembledcircuitboardcontainingabout30chips.Suchthatby1977AppleComputersintroducedtheAppleII,astheworld’sfirstpersonalcomputer.By1977,mass-marketpre-assembledcomputersallowedawiderrangeofpeopletousecomputers,focusingmoreonsoftwareapplicationsandlessondevelopmentoftheprocessorhardware.2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》10•Throughoutthelate1970sandintothe1980s,computersweredevelopedforhouseholduse,offeringpersonalproductivity,programmingandgames.Somewhatlargerandmoreexpensivesystems(althoughstilllow-costcomparedwithminicomputersandmainframes)wereaimedforofficeandsmallbusinessuse.•Workstationsarecharacterizedbyhigh-performanceprocessorsandgraphicsdisplays,withlargelocaldiskstorage,networkingcapability,andrunningunderamultitaskingoperatingsystem.Workstationsarestillusedfortaskssuchascomputer-aideddesign,draftingandmodelling,computation-intensivescientificandengineeringcalculations,imageprocessing,architecturalmodelling,andcomputergraphicsforanimationandmotionpicturevisualeffects.2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》11ComputerArchitecture•ThoughaPCcomesinmanydifferentformfactors,atypicalpersonalcomputer(Figure30-1)consistsofacaseorchassisinatowershape(desktop)andthefollowingparts:2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》12•（1）Scanner•（2）CPU(Microprocessor)•（3）Primarystorage(RAM)•（4）Expansioncards•（5）Powersupply•（6）Opticaldiscdrive•（7）Secondarystorage•（8）Motherboard•（9）Speakers•（10）Monitor•（11）Systemsoftware•（12）Applicationsoftware•（13）Keyboard•（14）Mouse•（15）Externalharddisk•（16）Printer2020/2/29《电子技术专业英语教程》13SoftwareConcepts•Applicationsoftwaresuchaswordprocessorswhichperformproductivetasksforusers.•Firmwarewhichissoftwareprogrammedresidenttoelectricallyprogrammablememorydevicesonboardmainboardsorothertypesofintegratedhardwarecarriers.•