赵元任作石室诗士施氏

Chapter2phonologyThephonicmediumoflanguageSpeechismorebasicthanwriting.Reasons?Linguistsstudiesthespeechsounds.PhoneticsDefinition:Thestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage;itisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguages.Threebranchesofphoneticsarticulatoryphonetics:studyofthesoundsfromthespeaker’spointofviewauditoryphonetics:studyofthesoundsfromthehearer’spointofviewacousticphonetics:studyofsoundwavesOrgansofspeechThepharyngealcavity—thethroatTheoralcavity—themouthThenasalcavity—thenoseThespeechorgansThepharyngealcavityGlottis,larynx,andvocalcordsvoicingTheoralcavitySpeechorgans:tongue,uvula,softpalate(velum),hardpalate,teethridge(alveolus),theteethandthelipsThetongueisthemostflexibleandisresponsibleformostmodificaitions.ThenasalcavitynasalizationOrthographicrepresentationofspeechsoundsBroadandnarrowtranscriptionsIPAClassificationofspeechsoundsVowelsconsonantsClassificationofEnglishconsonantsMannerofarticulationStops(plosives),fricatives,affricates,liquids,nasals,glidesClassificationofEnglishconsonantsPlaceofarticulationBilabial,labiodental,dental,alveolar,palatalvelar,glottalClassificationofEnglishvowelsHighestpartofthetongue:Front,central,andbackOpennessofthemouth:close,semi-close,semi-open,openShapeofthelips:rounded,unroundedLengthofthesound:long,shortStateofthelarynx:tense,laxMonophthongsanddiphthongsPhonologyPhonologyandphoneticsPhonologyPhone,phonemeandallophonephonologyPhonemiccontrast,complementarydistribution,andminimalpairPhonologicalrulesSequentialrulesAssimilationrulesDeletionruleSuprasegmentalfeaturesStressSentencestressandwordstressTone赵元任作：石室诗士施氏，嗜狮，誓食十狮。施氏时时适市视狮。十时，适十狮适市。是时，适施氏适市。氏视是十狮，恃矢势，使是十狮逝世。氏拾是十狮尸，适石室。石室湿，氏使侍拭石室。石室拭，氏始试食是十狮。食时，始识是十狮，实十石狮尸。试释是事。Intonation