颈静脉球瘤英文PPT

M55YMovementdisorderofleftfacefor6months.mastoidprocess（乳突）operation5yearsago.T1T2T1＋c颈静脉球瘤GlomusJugulareTumor,GJTOutlineGTJsarethemostcommontumorsofthemiddleear.GTJArisesfromtheglomusbodies(球样小体)locatedwithintheear,itaffectsthejugularforamen（颈静脉孔）onthetemporalbone，andsomeleisionviolatethetympanum（鼓室）.Thesetumorsareslow-growingandveryvascular,withbloodsupplyfromtheexternalcarotidartery(颈外动脉)andinternalcarotidartery（颈内动脉）.Thesetumorsaremostcommoninwomen.Thesetumorsarenearlyalwaysbenign.ThecausesofGJTarenotentirelyunderstood,butgeneticfactorsaresuspected.ClinicalsymptomsSymptomsmayinclude:Difficultyswallowing(dysphagia)(吞咽困难)Dizziness（头晕）HearingproblemsorlossHearingpulsationsintheear（搏动性耳鸣）Hoarseness（声音嘶哑）PainWeaknessorlossofmovementintheface(facialnervepalsy)麻痹PathologicalappearanceGJTsarisefromtheparaganglioncell(副神经节细胞)oftheoutermembraneofGlomusJugulare,mostarenonchromaffin(非嗜铬性）.GJTshaverichnetworkofbloodvesselsandbloodsinus(血窦).Epithelial-likecellsarethechiefcellsofthetumor,andhavethesecretoryfunctionorpotentialsecretoryfunction.Diagnosis（CT）Thelesionsarisefromjugularforamenandextendintotheadjacentstructures.Thelesionscausetheenlargementofthejugulareforamenwithadjacentmouth-eaten（虫蚀状）orirregularbonedestruction.Eventuallyasthetumourenlargesthejugularspineiserodedandthemassextendsintothemiddleear,aswellasinferiorlyintotheinfratemporalfossa（颞下窝）.Thelesionsappareasaisodensitymasscomparedwithbraintissue,andthelesionappearshomogeousenhancement.CTADiagnosis（MRI）T1WI:tumorsappearhypointenseorisointensesignalcomparewiththegraymatter.T2WI:tumorsappearhyperintensesignal.T1＋c：tumorsappearmarkednonhomogeneousenhancement.Saltandpepperpattern：thesaltrepresentingbloodproductsfromhaemorrhageorslowflowandthepepperrepresentingflowvoids（血管流空）duetohighvascularity.MRA：thetumorshavealotofsmallvesselsfromexternalcarotidarteryandinternalcarotidartery.MRV：thesigmoidsinus(乙状窦)andtheinternalcarotidvein（颈内静脉）arepressed.T1T2T1＋cDifferentialdiagnosisschwannoma（神经鞘瘤）sharplydemarcatedsmoothbonymargins.nointernalflowvoids.nosaltandpepperpatternappearance.ThelesionisnohomogeneousonT1WIandT1＋C,becauseofAntoniAandBcells.meningioma（脑膜瘤）homogenoussignalandhomogeneousenhancement.duraltailsign.bonedestructionnotasseriousasGJT,andherhapshasScleroticrim（硬化边）.