搜索
定期租船合同交船履行还船七大法律问题1.交船2.雇佣指示3.租金支付与撤船4.停租条款5.船舶描述与履约索赔6.还船7.定期租船合同下的货物责任定期租船合同标准条款•干散货定期租船NYPE46/93纽约土产格式Baltime巴尔的摩格式Sinotime中国租船公司定期租船合同格式•油船BPTIMESHELLTIME定期租船合同的主要法律问题（一）交船DeliveryoftheShip基本规则•船东应该按照合同约定的时间和地点交船地点不一定是港口：“VesseltobedeliveredondroppinglastoutwardseapilotatXXX”(DLOSP)•如果船东延迟交船，承租人有权索赔因此产生的相关损失•承租人可能有权取消合同(销约条款)标准条款•SHELLLNGTIME1,Clause7“OwnersshalldeliverthevesseltoCharterersatthepilotboardingstationinbound/outboundat…UnlessotherwiseagreedtheVesselshallnotbedeliveredtoCharterersbefore…hrslocaltime….butmustbedeliveredtoCharterersnolaterthan…hrslocaltime…CharterersshallhavetheoptionofcancellingthischarteriftheVesselisnotreadyandattheirdisposalduringthisperiod.”标准条款•BPTIME3,Clause2“2.3IfatanytimeitappearstoCharterersthattheVesselwillnotbedeliveredinaccordancewithClause1bytheCancellingDate,CharterersmayrequiretheOwnerstostateinwritingthedateandtimethattheyexpecttheVesseltobereadytobedelivered,suchstatementtobegivenwithin…(96)hoursofCharterers’request.2.4IfthedateandtimenotifiedbyOwners…fallsaftertheCancellingDatethenCharterersshallhavetheoptionofcancellingthisCharterwithin…(120)hoursofreceiptofthesaidnoticefromOwnersorwithin…(48)hoursaftertheCancellingDate,whicheverisearlier.IfCharterersdonotexercisetheiroptiontocancelthisCharterthenthenewCancellingDate…shallbe…(12)hoursafterthedateandtimenotifiedbyowners…orsuchotherdateandtimeasmaybemutuallyagreed.”标准条款•GentimeClause1(b)DeliveryPlace:TheOwnersshalldelivertheVesseltotheCharterersattheportorplacestatedinBox8oraportorplacewithintherangestatedinBox8(c)DeliveryTime:Deliveryshalltakeplacenoearlierthanthedate/timestatedinBox9andnolaterthanthedate/timestatedinBox10.Deliveryshallbeeffectedatanytimedayornight.Saturdays,Sundaysandholidaysincluded.受载期Laycan•Laycan规则和航次租船合同相同•通常而言，在laycan第一天之前，承租人无义务接受船舶交付•如果船舶不能在销约日前交付，不论原因为何，承租人皆有权取消合同；但除非另有约定，否则承租人不可在销约日前取消合同•承租人有权取消合同的同时索赔损失clause7ofShellLNGTime1providesthat“..theVessel…mustbedeliveredtoCharterersnolaterthan…”•承租人应该严格按照相应合同条款行使销约权销约权必须在合同约定的时限内行使，否则销约权就会丧失。如果合同没有约定，则必须在合理期限内行使。销约权如丧失，则租船合同的全部效力不受影响，承租人必须接受交船，并开始履行相应义务销约期•GentimeClause1(d)Cancellation:ShouldtheVesselnotbedeliveredbythedate/timestatedinBox10theCharterersshallhavetheoptiontocanceltheCharterpartywithoutprejudicetoanyclaimstheCharterersmayotherwisehaveontheOwnersundertheCharterparty.IftheOwnersanticipatethat,despitetheirexerciseofduediligence,theVesselwillnotbereadyfordeliverybythedate/timestatedinBox10,theymaynotifytheCharterersinwriting,statingtheanticipatednewdateofreadinessfordelivery,proposinganewcancellingdate/timeandrequiringtheChartererstodeclarewhethertheywillcancelorwilltakedeliveryoftheVessel.ShouldtheChartererselectnottocancelorshouldtheyfailtoreplywithintwoworkingdays(asapplyingattheCharterer’splaceofbusiness)ofreceiptofsuchnotification,thenunlessotherwiseagreed,theproposednewcancellingdate/timewillreplacethedate/timestatedinBox10.ThisprovisionshalloperateonlyonceandshouldtheVesselnotbereadyfordeliveryatthenewcancellingdate/timetheCharterersshallhavetheoptionofcancellingthisCharterparty.交船时对船舶状态的要求•交船时，船舶应当适航“…shebeingineverywayfittedforordinarydrycargoservicewithcargoholdswellswept,cleanedandreadytoreceivecargobeforedeliveryunderthischarter.”•Upondeliverythechartererscanrequiretheshiptobeintheconditionspecifiedinthecontractandreadytocommencecommercialtradingforthem交船时船上燃油如何处理•LinertimeClause6BunkersTheCharterersatportofdeliverytotakeoverandpayforallfuelremainingintheVessel’sbunkersat(a)currentprice,attherespectiveports(b)afixedpricepertonTheVesseltobedeliveredwithnotlessthanthenumberoftonsandnotexceedingthenumberoftonsstatedinBox25intheVessel’sbunkers.交船时相关港口使费如何分担•LinertimeClause5TheChartererstopayalldock,harbour,lightandtonnageduesattheportsofdelivery(unlessincurredthroughcargocarriedbeforedelivery)定期租船合同的主要法律问题（二）承租人雇佣指示Charterer’sEmploymentOrder航次租船合同与定期租船合同在雇佣指示方面的对比•航次租船合同中，双方当事人的权利义务已经大部分预先设定在合同条款中，所以承租人给予船东履行合同的指令的权利是非常有限的。•定期租船合同中，承租人想要履行的航次并未预先设定，所以承租人有足够权利给予船东履行合同的具体指令。定期租船合同下承租人的权利•定期租船合同下承租人的关键权利(KeyRights)Todecidewherethevesselshallgoandwhatsheshallcarry,how(inshort)sheshallbeused,alwayssubjecttothetermsofthecharterparty.Thelanguageusedisgeneralandthepowercorrespondinglywide.Thenatureandpurposeoftimecharteristoenablethechartererstousethevesselduringtheperiodofthechartersfortradinginwhatevermannertheydeemfit.定期租船合同下承租人的权利•承租人实现其权利的途径雇佣和指示条款EmploymentClause承租人有权就船舶的商业运营给予指示，且（通常）有义务补偿因此类指示而给船东带来的损失雇佣指示条款的例子•Baltime1939,Clause9“TheMastertobeundertheordersoftheCharterersasregardsemployment,agency,orotherarrangements.TheChartererstoindemnifytheownersagainstallconsequencesorliabilitiesarisingfromtheMaster,OfficersorAgentssigningBillsofLadingorotherdocumentsorotherwisecomplyingwithsuchorders,aswellasfromanyirregularityintheVessel’spapersorforover-carryinggoods.”雇佣指示条款的例子•NYPE1946,Clause8“ThattheCaptainshallprosecutehisvoyageswiththeutmostdespatch,andshallrenderallcustomaryassistancewiththeship’screwandboats.TheCaptain(althoughappointedbytheOwners),shallbeundertheordersanddirectionsoftheCharterersasregardsemploy