中东局势2012年5月29日第一次中东战争第二次中东战争第三次中东战争第四次中东战争第五次中东战争中东战争,或称阿以战争、以阿战争,是指以色列中东问题与埃及、叙利亚等周围阿拉伯国家所进行的5次大规模战争(1948年、1956年、1967年、1973年、1982年)关于中东问题的历史沿革,不妨以“一、二、三、四”概而言之,那就是:一个祖先,两个民族,三次流散,四次战争中东战争的焦点:耶路撒冷地位问题边界划分问题犹太人定居点问题难民回归问题水资源分配问题石油问题。由于以色列在中东推行侵略政策,引起了阿拉伯国家和以色列之间尖锐、复杂的矛盾,加上美苏两国在中东角逐,推波助澜,使中东问题•C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\u=1168132813,2141623418&fm=52&gp=0.jpg更加错综复杂,犹太人的以色列国成立后,对阿拉伯国家发动多次战争,占领了阿拉伯国家的大部分领土,使数百万阿拉伯人沦为难民。阿拉伯人为重返家园,进行了不屈不挠的的斗争,得到全世界人民的广泛声援。1990年10月在马德里召开的中东和会,又称中东和谈,是当今历史上最早的中东和会。1993年9月9日,巴勒斯坦总统阿法特与以色列总理相互致函,正式承认对方。9月13日,双方在华盛顿正式签署包括巴、以互相承认、巴勒斯坦有自治等内容的和平协议。这是中东和平协议。这是中东和平进展的历史性突破。TheStateDepartmentisafittingvenuetomarkanewchapterinAmericandiplomacy.Forsixmonths,wehavewitnessedanextraordinarychangetakingplaceintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.Squarebysquare,townbytown,countrybycountry,thepeoplehaverisenuptodemandtheirbasichumanrights.Twoleadershavesteppedaside.Moremayfollow.Andthoughthesecountriesmaybeagreatdistancefromourshores,weknowthatourownfutureisboundtothisregionbytheforcesofeconomicsandsecurity,byhistoryandbyfaith.Unfortunately,intoomanycountries,callsforchangehavethusfarbeenansweredbyviolence.ThemostextremeexampleisLibya,whereMuammarQaddafilaunchedawaragainsthisownpeople,promisingtohuntthemdownlikerats.AsIsaidwhentheUnitedStatesjoinedaninternationalcoalitiontointervene,wecannotpreventeveryinjusticeperpetratedbyaregimeagainstitspeople,andwehavelearnedfromourexperienceinIraqjusthowcostlyanddifficultitistotrytoimposeregimechangebyforce–nomatterhowwell-intentioneditmaybe.ButinLibya,wesawtheprospectofimminentmassacre,wehadamandateforaction,andheardtheLibyanpeople’scallforhelp.HadwenotactedalongwithourNATOalliesandregionalcoalitionpartners,thousandswouldhavebeenkilled.Themessagewouldhavebeenclear:Keeppowerbykillingasmanypeopleasittakes.Now,timeisworkingagainstQaddafi.Hedoesnothavecontroloverhiscountry.TheoppositionhasorganizedalegitimateandcredibleInterimCouncil.AndwhenQaddafiinevitablyleavesorisforcedfrompower,decadesofprovocationwillcometoanend,andthetransitiontoademocraticLibyacanproceed.WhileLibyahasfacedviolenceonthegreatestscale,it’snottheonlyplacewhereleadershaveturnedtorepressiontoremaininpower.Mostrecently,theSyrianregimehaschosenthepathofmurderandthemassarrestsofitscitizens.TheUnitedStateshascondemnedtheseactions,andworkingwiththeinternationalcommunitywehavesteppedupoursanctionsontheSyrianregime–-includingsanctionsannouncedyesterdayonPresidentAssadandthosearoundhim......Sofar,SyriahasfolloweditsIranianally,seekingassistancefromTehraninthehypocrisyoftheIranianregime,whichsaysitstandfortherightsofprotestersabroad,yetrepressesitsownpeopleathome.Let’srememberthatthefirstpeacefulprotestsintheregionwereinthestreetsofTehran,wherethegovernmentbrutalizedwomenandmen,andthrewinnocentpeopleintojail.WestillhearthechantsechofromtherooftopsofTehran.Theimageofayoungwomandyinginthestreetsisstillsearedinourmemory.AndwewillcontinuetoinsistthattheIranianpeopledeservesmothertheiraspirations.theiruniversalrights,andagovernmentthatdoesnot—奥巴马关于中东问题的评论重启以”两国方案”为基础的和平谈判,并呼吁国际社会进一步推动中东和平进程,确保即将出现的任何政局转变都会产生积极的结果安理会在联合国纽约总部举行公开会议讨论中东局势,秘书长中东问题特别协调员罗伯特•塞里(RobertH.Serry)敦促巴勒斯坦和以色列双方尽快打破僵局,